Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 93. (Budapest 2001)

Bálint, Zs. ; Benyamini, D.: Taxonomic notes, faunistics and species descriptions of the austral South American polyommatine lycaenid genus Pseudolucia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): the chilensis and collina species-groups

Larval hosts - Chorizanthe virgata (Polygonaceae), Montiopsis capitata (Portulacaceae). Etymology - The name is a patronym of Senor ALFREDO UGARTE (Santiago de Chile), who continues Luis PENA's work in publications, descriptions of Chilean insects and supplying entomological material for institutes, museums and universities. Historical Background - A male of an unidentifiable Pseudolucia was collected in "Tiltil/Cuesta la Dormida" by a Chilean University expedition in "1970-1972" and located in the national collection at Santiago by the junior author. It was then sent to Budapest where the senior author preliminarily suggested it might represent "Pseudolucia charlotte" BÁLINT et JOHNSON, 1993. Subsequently, the junior author began visiting Cuesta la Dormida frequently, beginning in mid-September 1995 and thereafter often in the company of ALFREDO UGARTE. Quite surprisingly, the entity collected at Cuesta la Dormida proved to be a new P. benyamini-Yike species. The type locality - Cuesta la Dormida is a mountain pass through the coastal mountain chain ("Cordillera de la Costa"). An unpaved road connects Tiltil in Chacabuco Province of Santiago Metropolitan Region in the east to Olemu, Quillota Province of Valparaiso V. Region in the west. The top of the pass is at 1350 m on the southern slopes of the Cerro El Roble. From the top of the mountain one can usually view the endless low "carpet" clouds of the Pacific reaching the coastal mountain chain from the west. These "crawling" clouds ("camanchaga" in Mapuche Indian local language) cross the Cuesta la Dormida pass eastwards, the resulting humidity contributing to rich plant life. Zoogeographically, the area belongs to the Central Mediterranean Isolate (BENYAMINI 1995), which has the richest lycaenid fauna in Chile. Together with the presently described taxa this totals nine species. This high lycaenid diversity is parallelled in other groups of animals and plants from this unique zone (e.g. many ants and over 140 species of beetles are known from this locality and the Cerro El Roble 1UGARTE, pers. comm.]). Cuesta la Dormida is already known to be the type locality of two other butterflies belonging to the family Lycaenidae: Heoda shapiroi JOHNSON, 1992 and Eiselianaprobabila JOHNSON, MILLER et HERRERA, 1992. Moreover it is actually now the only known place in Chile where "Pseudolucia andina form horsti" still survives. Unlike P. ugartei which lives on the western side of the pass (V. Region of Valparaiso), this species occurs on its eastern side near the top of the pass. Biology- The first specimens of P. ugartei were collected between 15-19.IX. 1995 on the western part of the pass at Cuesta la Dormida between 1200 m and 1400 m near Chorizanthe virgata (det. OTTO ZÖLLNER). At this early time of spring Chorizanthe^ had green leaves but did not have buds or flowers. A female