Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 92. (Budapest 2000)

Melika, G., Csóka, Gy. ; Pujade-Villar, J.: Check-list of oak gall wasps of Hungary, with some taxonomic notes (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipinae, Cinipini)

TAVARES, 1928 (PUJADE-VlLLAR & ROSS-FARRÉ 1

999, in print). - Alternate uni- and bisexual generations are known (ADLER 1881). The bisexual generation induces galls embedded in the leaf lamina (Fig. 89a); the unisexual generation produces spangle-like leaf galls on Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. robur, and Q. farnetto (Figs 89b-d). Plagiotrochus MAYR, 1881 marianii (KlEFFER, 1902) - Synonyms: unisexual generation: Callirhytis marianii KlEFFER, 1902a; Fioria marianii: KlEFFER 1903a, F ioriella marianii: KiEFFER 1903/?; bisexual generation: Callirhytis meunieri KlEFFER, 1902a, Fioria meunieri: KlEFFER 1903a; F ioriella meunieri: KlEFFER 1903/?. - After revising types of this species, MELIKA, PUJADE-VlLLAR & ROS-FARRÉ (2000, in print) transferred this species to the Plagiotrochus genus and thus the genus Fioriella became a synonym of Plagiotrochus. - Alternate uni- and bisexual generations arc known (KlEFFER 1902/?). The bisexual generation induces galls on Q. petraea, on the shoot opposite a developing leaf, causing retardation of this leaf's development; the unisexual generation induces galls on axial buds on Q. cerris (Figs 9()a-c). AMBRUS (1974a) mentioned this species for Kosice (Slovakia) and supposedly it can be find in Hungary too, however, must be confirmed. Trigonaspis HARTIG, 1840 megaptera (PANZER, 1801) - Synonyms: bisexual generation: Cynips megaptera PANZER, 1801, Trigonaspis megaptera: SCHENCK 1863, Trigonaspis crustalis HARTIG, 1840, Cynips crustalis: KALTENBACH 1867; the unisexual generation produces Cynips renum HARTIG, 1840, Biorhiza renum: GlRAUD 1859, Trigonaspis renum: MAYR 1881.- Alternate uni- and bisexual generations are known (ADLER 1881). The bisexual generation induces galls on the underside of the leaf in vein axis (Figs 91 f-g), the unisexual generation produces galls on accessory buds on Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. robur, and Q. farnetto (Figs 91a-e). synaspis (HARTIG, 1841) - Synonyms: unisexual generation: Apophyllus synaspis HARTIG, 1841, Biorhiza synaspis: TASCHENBERG 1866, Cynips synaspis: KALTENBACH 1867, Trigonaspis synaspis: MAYR 1881 ; bisexual generation: Trigonaspis megapleropsis KlEFFER, 1900, Trigonaspis megaptera: TAVARES, 1905 (non PANZER, 1801). - Alternate uni- and bisexual generations are known (WRIESE in KlEFFER 1900). The bisexual generation induces galls on the underside of the leaf (Figs 92a-c), the unisexual generation produces galls on accessory buds on Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, and Q. robur. Another genus, Synophrus HARTIG, 1843, with only one known species from Europe, S. politus HARTIG, 1843, which is very common in Hungary (Figs 93a-c). Originally it was described as a gall inducer, however, on the basis of the morphological characters of adults, this genus undoubtedly belongs to cynipid inquilines. Synophrus has never been a subject of detailed research and, thus, it is possible that they represent inquilines incorrectly identified as gall inducers. From the large series of galls of S. politus collected all over the territory of Hungary, we reared not only numerous S. politus females and males, but also large numbers of inquilines which belongs to Saphonecrus DALLA TORRE & KlEFFER, 1910 and Synergus HARTIG, 1843 genera. So, it is quite possible that Synophrus species, in spite of their taxonomic identity with cynipid inquilines, dispose with