Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 92. (Budapest 2000)

Melika, G., Csóka, Gy. ; Pujade-Villar, J.: Check-list of oak gall wasps of Hungary, with some taxonomic notes (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipinae, Cinipini)

pubescens, and Q. farnetto (Figs 71a). Common on Q. robur. The galls of the bisexual generation are hardly recognizable. quercus (FOURCROY, 1785) - Synonyms: Diplolepis quercus FOURCROY, 1785, Cynips folii (LINNAEUS) SCHENCK, 1863 (non LINNAEUS, 1758), Dryophanta folii MAYR, 1870, Dryophanta pubescentis MAYR, 1881, Dryophanta ilicis KlEFFER, 1896. - The bisexual generation is unknown. In the literature, Spathegasterflosculi GlRAUD (see Cynips quercus folii) is mentioned as the bisexual form of this species, however, without experimentation. After studying the type material on Spathegaster flosculi we have concluded that it is impossible to distinguish this form from Spathegaster taschenbergi SCHLECHTENDAL. One of the authors (JP-V) has collected a new bisexual form, very different from other bisexual forms of Cynips on the Iberian Peninsula. This is probably the bisexual form of Cynips quercus, because it is very unlikely that these specimens represent a bisexual form of an undescribed species. The unisexual gall develops on underside of leaves on Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. robur, and Q. farnetto (Figs 72a-b). quercusfolii (LINNAEUS, 1758) - Synonyms: bisexual generation: Spathegaster taschenbergi SCHLECHTENDAL, 1870. - One of the authors (JP-V) has studied the type material on Spathegaster flosculi GlRAUD, 1868, composed by several specimens deposited in MHNP; galls and adults are indistinguishable from Spalegasther taschenbergi. This bisexual form and its synonym, Spathegaster giraudi TSCHEK, 1869 are syn. n. of Cynips quercusfolii. According to these results, the new name of the bisexual form of Cynips quercusfolii is Spathegaster flosculi GlRAUD. - Alternate uni- and bisexual generations are known (ADLER 1881).The unisexual generation induces galls in buds (Figs 73a-b), bisexual generation: galls on underside of leaves on Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. robur, Q. farnetto; less frequently on Q. cerris (Fig. 73c). Dryocosmus GlRAUD, 1859 cerriphilus GlRAUD, 1859 - Synonyms: Cynips cerriphilus; KALTENBACH 1867. - Only the unisexual generation is known to induce galls on twigs in a form of crowded mass which encircling the twig of Q. cerris (Fig. 74). - Probably the bisexual form of this species is Dryocosmus nervosus (GlRAUD) but nobody has confirmed this experimentally yet (PUJADE-VlLLAR 1985). mayri MUELLNER, 1901. - Only the bisexual generation is known to induce galls on the tip of young twigs on Q. cerris only (Figs 75a-c) nervosus (GlRAUD, 1859) - Synonyms: Spathegaster nervosa GlRAUD, 1859, Dryocosmus nervosus: MAYR 1882, Cynips nervosus: KALTENBACH 1867. - Only the bisexual generation is known to induce leaf galls on Q. cerris only (Figs 76a-d). - Probably the bisexual form of this species is Dryocosmus cerriphilus GlRAUD but nobody confirmed it experimentally yet (PUJADE-VlLLAR 1985). Neuroterus HARTIG, 1840 aggregatus (WACHTL, 1880) - Synonyms: Spathegaster (Ameristus) aggregata WACHTL, 1880, Neuroterus aggregatus: MAYR 1882. - Only the unisexual generation is known to induce galls in adventitious buds on Q. cerris only (Figs 77a-c). albipes SCHENCK, 1863 - Synonyms: bisexual generation: Spathegaster albipes SCHENCK, 1863, Andricus albipes; TASCHENBERG 1866, Cynips albipes: KALTENBACH 1874, Neuroterus