Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 92. (Budapest 2000)

Roháček, J. ; Papp, L.: Crumomyia microps sp. n. from Austria and notes on other cavernicolous Crumomyia species (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)

THE CAVERNICOLOUS SPECIES OF CRUMOMYIA: A SUMMARY OF PRESENT KNOWLEDGE AND DISCUSSION OF THE ORIGIN OF TROGLOBIONT TAXA Sphaeroceridae are regular components of the cavernicolous fly fauna. However, most of species recorded from caves belong to the so-called "parietal fauna" which is composed of animals living in entrance zones of caves and only temporarily penetrating deeper inside caves. Nevertheless, a few species are able to inhabit deep, aphotic passages of caves and spend all their life there. The former group is formed by species originating from outside and living in caves only temporarily, occurring here either by chance (trogloxenous species) or visiting caves because of convenient conditions during the season (e.g. psychrophilous species in summer) - these are classified as hemitroglophilous species. In the latter group, forming the residental cave community, two subgroups, differing by their origin, can be recognized: (1) troglobiont (or true cavernicolous) species which evolved in consequence of their adaptation and specialization to cavernicolous way of life and are unable to live elsewhere, and (2) troglophilous species which besides caves also occupy other subterranean or even terricolous habitats, such as burrows of mammals, underground nests of social insects or deep layers of soil. Troglophilous species can migrate from and to caves but, in contrast to hemitroglophilous species of the entrance zone community, they can complete all their life-history within the cave habitat and live in caves also during winter. Species of Sphaeroceridae occur in all the above-discussed groups of cave-dwelling insects. A summary of older data dealing with Sphaeroceridae living in caves can be found in the catalogue of cavernicolous fauna by WOLF (1934-1938) and a review of additional papers dealing with European taxa are presented by ROHÁCEK & KOSEL (1993). Our discussion is, however, restricted only to species of the genus Crumomyia, a number of which are known to live in caves and form important components of all the above diagnosed groups. The following summary of Crumomyia species recorded from caves are based on papers by WOLF (1934-1938), PAPP & PLACHTER (1976), PAPP (1978, 1979, 1982), PAPP & ROHÁCEK (1983), NORRBOM & KlM (1985), ROHÁCEK (1991), ROHÁCEK & KOSEL (1993) which also contain revised data from older papers and the new knowledge added in the present paper.