Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 88. (Budapest 1996)
Medzihradszky, Zs. ; Járai-Komlódi, M.: Late-Holocene vegetation history and the activity of man in the Tapolca Basin
as "Via de Edelich ad villam Tumoy" (CsÁNKi 1897). The locality of the Copper Age Late Iron Age settlement might be very suitable for establishment, because some fragments of roof covering bricks refer to Roman village as well. At the end of the last century at Szigliget, on the foot of the Várhegy a Roman brick grave was found. According to the description by the archaeologist, the soil was flat and boggy (DARNAY 1899). It means, that the water level of the soil was higher in the last, than in the first centuries. Roman settlement was observed at Réhely too, in the neighbourhood of the Early Medieval church from Avas (KuzsiNSZKY 1920). After the "barbarisation" of Pannónia, then its delivering according to contract to the Huns (AD 433) we can reckon with settlement continuity in the surroundings of Keszthely, which is verified by the settlement richness of our area in the Late Migration Period. The cereal pollen permanently occurs roughly in the same per cent, while the number of the rye pollen steadily increasing. In the layer (80—100 cm), which indicates the time of the Hungarian Conquest and the foundation of the state the value of Quercus is about 25% with a very small quantity of Tilia and Ulmus, between 10-15% Fagus, 4-5% Carpinus. In the percentage of the non arbor pollen there has been no fundamental change since the Late Iron Age. The map of B. ZÓLYOMI with the exception of the boggy areas indicates closed dry oak forests to the eastern part of the Balaton Highland, while in the Bakony range supposedly illyric mountain beech forests developed (GYÖRFFY & ZÓLYOMI 1994, ZÓLYOMI 1995a, b). It is confirmed by our pollen diagram. We do not know archaeological material from the Conquest Period from the surroundings of our borehole. Archaeobotanically the most completely elaborated material from the 10 th century was excavated from the settlement of Fonyód-Bélatelep (GYULAI 1987a, b). The analysis of the crop remains unambiguously shows that there were more species of cultivated cereals, and at the settlement the fruits of apricot, cherry, sour cherry, plum, walnut occurred. We can also reckon with the survival of the Roman garden culture. The archaeological finds of the Early Árpád Age are observable at several places in the surrounding of our sampling site. Around the ruins of the church at Avas the village Zeglegeth (today Szigliget) lay as shown in the charter material of the 12 th century (SZENTPÉTER Y 1927). [n the very upper, 60-70 cm level the pollen content was poor probably due to desiccation and recent drainage of the mire. It was not enough for the statistical calculation, so we are unable to present the changes of the vegetation in the Late Medieval and recent periods. CONCLUSION In this paper we made an attempt at synchronising the vegetation historical results of a palynological investigation with the history of the neighbouring area, and harmonising the palaeoecological changes reflected in the pollen diagram and the settlement as outlined by the archaeological finds. In our profile we have drawn the vegetation history of
