Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 88. (Budapest 1996)
Medzihradszky, Zs. ; Járai-Komlódi, M.: Late-Holocene vegetation history and the activity of man in the Tapolca Basin
ANNALES HISTORICO-NATURALES MUSEI NATIONALIS HUNGARICI Volume 88. Budapest, 1996 pp. 21-29. Late Holocene vegetation history and the activity of man in the Tapolca Basin Zs. MBDZIHRADSZKY & M. JÁRAI-KOMLÓDI Department of Botany, Hungarian Natural History Museum H-] 087 Budapest, Könyves Kálmán krt. 40, Hungary MEDZIHRADSZKY, ZS. & JÁRAI-KOMLÓDI, M.: Late Holocene vegetation history and the activity of man in the Tapolca Basin. - Annls hist.-nat. Mus. nam. hung. 88: 21-29. Abstract - Double boreholes were investigated by palynological analysis and i4 C measurement to study the vegetation history and the human influence in the last 5000 year in the Tapolca Basin. In the diagram we can follow the changes of the forestation and the cultivated plants (i.e. the rye). The palynological data compared to the archaeological material outline the settlement history of the territory, even the Hungarian Conquest, from the Copper Age until the Middle Ages. With 3 figures. INTRODUCTION In May 1995 in the frame of the project (OTKA T 17231 ) "The Holocene vegetation history of Hungary by palynological, carpological, geological and radiocarbon analysis" double boreholes were deepened in the Tapolca Basin on the bank of the Lesence creek, about 20 m from the present-day coastal line of Lake Balaton. From the whole 540 cm deep borehole we present now the upper 340 cm, which contains the period of the Hungarian Conquest too, and these layers represent according to our opinion the VII-X. pollen zone, partially confirmed with 14 C data from the Late Atlantic phase until our days (Fig. 1). The series of the conventional radiocarbon data starts with the BP 3346+62 and closes with the BP 1053+83 year, and curiously enough this last data gives, after the calibration the AD 1001 year, the year of first king of Hungary, St. STEPHEN'S accession to the throne. The marking of the places of the sampling sites and the cores was made by J. DÖMSÖDI (Agricultural Geological Survey), the samples for the 14 C were measured by E. HERTELENDI (Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences). METHODS Field technique: The sampling place was marked by the earlier investigation of B. ZÓLYOMI and by the National Peat Cadastral Survey. Chronology: About 30 cm from the basic borehole 6 samples were taken for l4 C measuring with distances of 10 cm. From the lower and upper cover layer of each l4 C
