Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 88. (Budapest 1996)

Argaman, Q.: Generic synopsis of Scoliidae (Hymenoptera, Scolioidea)

of galbula. Why was necessary to alter the types after half a century? This was in order to remove another name, quadricincta. The type-locality of galbula was Crimea, while that of tricolor Lake Inder, near the Ural River in Kazakhstan; these two localities being separated by about 1,600 kilometers. It was known from STEINBERG (1962), that one male specimen of quinquecincta was collected only once in the former USSR, in the southern part of the Ukraine. Only an interchange of the types will eliminate it from the list of valid species. The so-called lectotype specimen in the Berlin collection is labelled "Tauria". It is therefore not true type of tricolor. I have studied the type material of all species concerned. Both tricolor and galbula are valid species. The former is distributed in Kazakhstan and Transcaucasus. Incidentally, STEINBERG (1962) also collected it at the type-locality (Inder), and as first reviser of the dispute, I selected his Fig. 70, as representing the type of tricolor (with yellow band on the third tergum). The second species, galbula (with yellow bands on both second and third terga), is distributed in the Balkans and Crimea. These two are somewhat related (but not identical), and both are placed in Pardesiya, a new genus described below. They are not related to quinquecincta, placed here in the genus Lisoca COSTA. Other erroneous lectotype selections and synonyms are disputed by PETERSEN (1970). STRUCTURE AND TERMINOLOGY The family Scoliidae is separated from other families of Aculeata through the presence of the following plesiomorphous character-states: 1. The ring-segment of antennae are always developed; 2. Cenchri exposed as translucid semicircular sclerites under postero-lateral margin of the metanotum; 3. Propodeum is almost always tripartite by longitudinal furrows. At the same time, the family possesses the following apomorphous character-states: 1. Hypostomal carina of female prolonged anteriorly and connected to the clypeus (not connected in Vespidae); 2. Metasternum enlarged, covering base of hind coxae (tight in Vespidae); 3. Wing membranes with longitudinal striations; 4. Hind tibia without a calcar and hind basitarsus without strigil (present in Vespidae); 5. Pygidium of female delimited by lateral carinae (not in Vespidae); 6. Hypopygium of female with a lateral spine; 7. Subgenital plate of male with three acute spines. The disassociated digitus and cuspis of male genitalia in Proscoliinae is an incontestable plesiomorphy, which places this subfamily at the base of the dendrogram. As these pieces are separated in families considered primitive on the basis of other features, as with Bethylidae. The compact volsella of Scoliinae is an autapomorphy for this subfamily. The male of Proscolia is wholly black. An entirely black integument represents the plesiomorphous characterstate, as this condition occurs within the Bethylidae. Red integument and/or pubescence manifest an advanced state; while the presence of (sometimes very rich) yellow or pale whitish integumental maculation constitutes the highest apomorphy within this family. This character trait provide natural camouflage on flowers; and insures survival of the insect through the mimicry of poisonous social vespids. (This especially true for male scoliids, which possess no stinging organs). The sex-linked selection pressure of this trait