Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 87. (Budapest 1995)

Bajzáth, J.: Plant macrofossils from Hungarian Pleistocene I. Gymnospermatophyta from Győrújfalu, West Hungary (Preliminary report)

DISCUSSION According to WALTER (1973) the Boreal Coniferous Forest Zone succeeds the Deci­duous Forest Zone of the Temperate Cli­matic Belt from the NE parts of Central Europe, the Carpathian Mountains across Warsaw to the Ural Mountains. In this zone of Europe, including transitional mixed fo­rests and coniferous forests, Pinus sylvest­ris and Picea abies dominate. Picea obo­vata is very similar to Picea abies, the for­mer replacing the European species in the same zone in Siberia. They exist under the same ecological conditions. Both species grow on a variety of acid soils, from peaty to rocky and with high or medium high water tables. The climate is cold and con­tinental in the interior. (At the moment Őr­ség - at the foot of the Alps - is the only locality in Hungary where this type of Eu­ropean transitional forest community exists. The forest here may be a relict from the cold climate of Postglacial.) In additi­on, there is a spruce belt above the beech­fir belt in the Northen Alps and Carpathi­ans. The spruce is continental and wide­spread in this region. In lower belts the pine is also common. In Central and Eastern Europe pine forests can be found on the fluvio-glacial sands, which regions belong to the deciduous forests zone. In addition, according to BIRKS & BIRKS (1980: 46­65), pines together with spruces form a tree community in the dry parts of the bog ve­getation in the boreal region. Pinus sylvestris appeared frequently in the Carpathian Basin as an indicator of cool­continental turning of climate in the Qua­ternary (JÁRAINÉ-KOMLÓDI 1966, 1969, MIHÁLTZNÉ- FARAGÓ 1982). SUMMARY Based on the great number of cones and seeds, which occurred in the fluvial depo­sit, we can say that these remains origina­Fig. 1. Stratigraphie column in the gravel-pit at Győrújfalu. I = sandy gravel, II = aleurit (mud), III - sandy gravel, IV = sand with gravel, V = sand with gravel, VI = sandy gravel. A = clay lens, B = mud lens, C = peat lens, D = charred tree trunk, E - gravel lens, F = rock boulder, G = conglomerate, a = mollusc fossils, b = vertebrate fossils, c = plant fossils

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