Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 86. (Budapest 1994)

Bálint, Zs. ; Johnson, K.: Polyommatine lycaenids of the oreal biome in the Neotropics, part II: The Itylos section (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae)

lyommatus section but also mentioned several times the oddity of the Neotropical representatives. Based on the data of the present revision, summarized in Discussion below, we suggest removal of the genus from the Polyommatus section and placement in an independent section of the tribe Polyomamtini. We discuss this further in subsequent comment on ELIOT'S diagnostic characters and the characters used recently by BALLETTO (1993) to propose one component of the group as a monobasic genus. Etymology - "Itylos"; the oldest son of Aedon in the Greek mythology. Itylos titicaca (WEYMER, 1890) Lycaena titicaca WEYMER, 1890: 122. Cup.[ido] Speciosa STAUDINGER, 1894: 77. Parachilades titicaca: NABOKOV 1945: 6. Itylos speciosa: DESCIMON 1986: 519. Parachilades titicaca: DESCIMON 1986: 519. Parachilades titicaca speciosa: BRIDGES 1988: I. 350, II. 81. Itylos titicaca: BÁLINT 1993a: 13. Figures- wings: Figs 1-20; male genitalia: Figs 34-42, 58-60; female genitalia: Figs 61-63; wing wenation: Fig. 64. Diagnosis - Antennae below brownish grey. FW costal margin slightly convex. DW without markings. Male ground deep purple with relatively narrow black margin. Female ground blue with strong bronze shade and wider black margin. Fringes long, checkered (type 5). VFW ground brown with reduced polyommatine markings. VHW pattern complex and variable: with grey basal spot in discal cell bordered by black colour; basal, postbasal and submedian area brown; median area grey with suffused brown discoidal spot, postmedian area with brown band; marginal area ash grey with prominent longish black spot in cell CuA2. Male genitalia with very long and slender uncus, spined saccus, pointed juxta, valva with very strongly developed anal process, aedcagus thick with curved suprazonal portion subequal to subzonal one, alulae considerably developed. Female genitalia with broad and large polyommatine papillae anales; ostium bursa and anterior lamella strongly developed, 8th tergite large with elongate uniplanar apodeme. FW length of males: 6,5-9 mm (n=10). FW of females: 6-8,5 mm (n=10). Distribution - From central Peru (Ancash) throughout southern Peru and Bolivian Andes, to northern Chile (Tarapaca) and northern Argentina (Tucumán) (Fig. 33). Biology- The species must have several generations according to the examined material but the exact flight period of the broods cannot be ascertained from the available material. The habitat of the species is the puna or high Andean páramo at considerably high elevations, 4000-5500 m (GARLEPP 1892: 273, FORSTER 1955: Table 30, Fig. 1) or even in still snowy páramo (FORSTER 1955 and SIMONS'S label data). Colonies are strongly isolated but individual numbers appear- to be very high. GARLEPP could collect 15 specimens in near Huallatani, Bolivia for STAUDINGER (1894: 77). Amongst material elaborated by us there is a long series collected by PEN A on a single day. This highly disjunct occurrence with high individual density is also typical for the Palearctic lycaenids in Central Asia (G. RONKAY and Z. VARGA, pers. comm.). The following polyommatine lycaenids were collected with /. titicaca (involved localities in brackets): Nabokovia faga (DOGNIN, 1895) (Peru: Ancash, Cuzco); Eldoradina cyanea (BALLETTO, 1993) (Peru: Ancash); E. sylphis (DRAUDT, [1921]) (Peru: Cuzco); Paralycaeides inconspicua (DRAUDT, [1921]) (Pern: Cuzco); P. vapa (STAUDINGER, 1894) (Peru: Cuzco; Bolivia: Huallatami, Marcapata, La Paz); Madeleinea koa (DRUCE, 1876) (Peru: Ancash, Challabamba, Cuzco, Puno; Bolivia: Illimani, Marcapata); Madeleinea sp. n. p. lolita BÁLINT and LAMAS in litt. (Peru: Ancash); M. ludicra (WEYMER, 1890) (Peru: Puno); M. pacis (DRAUDT, [1921]) (Peru: Challabamba, Cuzco Guaqui, Puno); M. pelorias (WEYMER, 1890) (Chile: Tarapaca). Larval foodplant and the nectar sources of the adults are unknown. Remarks - Synonyms: NABOKOV (1945: 6-7) first suggested that Cupido speciosa STAUDINGER, 1894 was a synonym of Lycaena titicaca WEYMER, 1890 (see Fig. 13). Five males and one female titicaca specimens were investigated by him (see BÁLINT 1993a, Table 1). NABOKOV based his statement on the fact that the "Sicasica, Bolivia" specimen agreed with the available specimens collected at Lake Titicaca. Nevertheless, NABOKOV did not give any further explanation of the synonymy. Thus the name speciosa STAUDINGER, 1894 has been