Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 85. (Budapest 1993)

Gasparik, M.: Deinotheres (Proboscidea, Mammalia) of Hungary

P - It is an oval tooth, its crown-elements are rather similar to the P. hungaricum'

s P . The protocone and hypocone are connected through a small ridge, which divides the transversal valley running between the two cusps into two parts. The mesostyle is less developed than at the P. hungaricum, but the valley between the mesostyle and the just mentioned small ridge is wider and deeper. The hypocone is elongated and curves posteriorly. The anterior cingulum is more developed than on the P. hungaricum's P

3

. P

4 - It is a rounded, square tooth. The main crown-elements are the two transversal crests (protoloph, metaloph) and the labial longitudinal ectoloph. The protoloph is convex anteriorly, while the metaloph is curved with its convex side posteriorly. Both transversal crests are connected to the ectoloph. The central valley is blocked labially by the ectoloph and lingually by a small mesostyle. The anterior and posterior cingula are well developed (Fig. 12). M

l-There are no considerable differences from P. hungaricum. M

2 - The crown-elements are about the same as on the M

2 of P. hungaricum, only small differences are visible; the anterior and posterior cingula are less developed, the metaloph bears a small accessory cusp or spur near the base of its rear. Besides, there is a small divergence considering the length/maximum width proportion of the tooth; while at P. hungaricum this value was approximately 1 or over 1, in the case of P. bavaricum this ratio is under 1. 3 2 M - Its crown-morphology is nearly the same as that of the M , a divergence is that the length of the two transversal crests differ in a higher degree, the protoloph is longer, while the tooth somewhat narrows at the metaloph. GENUS: DEINOTHERIUM KAUP, 1829 Deinotherium giganteum KAUP, 1829 (Fig. 15) Dinotherium giganteum KAUP, 1829: 401-404. Dinotherium giganteum KAUP: WEINSHEIMER 1883: 18-25, 29-33. Deinotherium giganteum KAUP: OSBORN 1936: 84. Deinotherium giganteum KAUP: VITÁLIS 1954 : p. 370-374, Pl. XLIX-LI. Dinotherium giganteum KAUP: GRAF 1957:134-143, figs 1-5. Dinotherium levius JOURDAN: GRAF 1957:144-151, figs 6-10. Deinotherium giganteum KAUP: BERGOUNIOUX & CROUZEL 1962: 20-26,50-54. P3 - It is an anteriorly tapering, rounded triangular tooth.In its measurements it differs considerably from the P

3 of Prodeinotherium, but the crown-elements show also well visible modifications. The two anterior cusps became almost entirely fused, the large cusp formed in this way joins to the hypoconid, hence they form a well developed ectolophid. The protoconid is connected to the anterior cingulum by a small ridge, while the hypoconid bears a small hypostylid, which is a connection with the posterior cingulum. There is a narrow deep valley between the entoconid and metaconid. As on P. hungaricum, an incipient labial cingulum can be seen on the external wall of the ectolophid. (Fig. 15). P4, Mi, M2, M3 - These differ basically from the teeth of Prodeinotherium, but only in their measurements and not in their crown-morphology. P

3 - No P

3 was found in the material. P

4 - It is a rounded, square tooth. The crown-elements are similar to those of Prodeinotherium. There is a difference that the crests became relatively taller, and a small accessory ridge runs into the central valley from the anterolabial face of the metacone. This spur forms an acute angle with the metaloph. M

1

, M

2

, M

3-There are no considerable differences from Prodeinotherium in the crown-elements.