Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 84. (Budapest 1992)

Szujkó-Lacza, J.: Botanical legacy of Lajos Haynald (1816-1891) in the Hungarian Natural History Museum

HAYNALD'S collection contains more than 100,000 herbaria sheets, botanical books, including numerous botanica classica volumes, cabinets, pictures, models and others. (In: Inventory of HAYNALD'S herbaria 15, May 1898.) THE HERBARIA HAYNALD I AN A Geranium pusillum BURMAN is probably one of the first sheets of HAYNALD from 1826. He was the bishop of Gyulafehérvár since 1852, he started collecting in 1855 and continued till 1867, with two peaks in his collecting activity. Comparing the herbarium sheets of I. HAYNALD (e. g. Anemone alpina and Angelica sylvestris LINNAEUS), which were collected by L. HAYNALD, we can find many differences. The specimens of Helleborus purpurascens WALDSTEIN et KITAIBEL are noteworthy , because the sheets are in the herbaria of ISTVÁN HAYNALD and LAJOS HAYNALD too. There are two specimens of H. purpurascens originating from different localities in Transylvania for showing the different developmental stages of the plant. The labels are similar as we take it in the herbaria. The H. purpurascens is a subendemic species of the Carpathians and the Hungarian Middle-Range (SZUJKÓ-LACZA 1959). HAYNALD consciously enriched his collection with the most interesting species e. g. H purpurascens, Gentiana punctata LINNAEUS and others. The habitat and collecting time differences are presented on the sheet of Gentiana angulosa = G. verna LINNAEUS. It is a species of high mountains (nivale) from three localities. Two of them were collected by the bishop and he wrote the locality and habitat characters in the labels. One of the interesting combination of plants can be found on the sheet originated from "Todaro Flora Sicula Exsiccata". The first specimen is labelled as "Ranunculus ficaria Linnaeus. In arvis Palermo N.1376 legit Todaro". The second and the third specimens are also R.ficaria "Ad Calatescibetta Siciliae 31 Martii 1859", "Monte Pellegrino ad Panormum Siciliae 5 Apr. 1859 Haynald". From a historical point of view Telekia speciosa BAUMGARTNER is also an interesting species. This specimen was also collected by HAYNALD at Gáld in 1855. The peak of HAYNALD'S collecting activity can be put to the years 1859-1860 in Transylvania and this is the time of his first journey to Italy too. He developed his herbaria by his own collecting trips. Probably two-fifths of the collection originated this way - that is, collected by HAYNALD himself. Most of his official (ecclesiastic) trips served for him as an occasion to establish connections with botanists interested in the flora of Transylvania. The floristical work of J. HEUFFEL (1800-1857) extended over the counties Krassó-Szörény and Hunyad (both belong to Romania today). HAYNALD bought the Herbaria Heuffeliana in 1857. The label of Acanthus spinosus LINNAEUS and the sheet of the Achimenes grandiflora DE CANDOLLE show the continuous connection between Haynald and the Botanical Garden of Vienna. One specimen of the A. grandiflora originated from the Botanical Garden of Vienna and the others were cultivated in the green-house in Kalocsa, which was constructed by HAYNALD in the garden of the archbishophoric palace. The friendship between E. FENZL and HAYNALD resulted in the enrichment of the Herbaria Haynaldiana. FENZL advised HAYNALD to purchase several valuable collections. He called the attention of HAYNALD (HAYNALD 1885) on KOTSCHY and the two ScHOTrs' collections and books.