Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 82. (Budapest 1990)

Tóth, T.: On the frequency of shovel-shaped incisors in Hungarians

maxillary incisors when computing our data on the basis of the summarized forms (2+3), too (Tables 1 and 2). Our results seem to agree with the micromorphological frequencies found in many populations of Eurasia (ZUBOV 1973, 1979) (Tables 3 and 4, Fig. 2). Beyond the outlined conclusions we should consider the clear crossing similarity of the minimum-maximum values of the four odontoscopical forms concerning the medial as well as the lateral incisors. For example, among the minimum-values of the medial incisor surface forms (0-3) have been found the groups inhabiting the western part of Transdanubia (Őrség, Rábaköz) and northern Hungary (Taktaköz) (Table 1). Nevertheless, there is no doubt that the minimum-value for both incisors are concentrated in the western part of Transdanubia (Tables 1 and 2). In accordance with this situation the maximumvalues could be found in the Middle and Upper Tisza region, i.e. in the central and northern parts of Hungary. It deserves our attention that the frequency of the cases from marked shovel-shapedness (forms 2+3) varies in the nine ethnogeographical groups between 6.8 and 27.9 per cent concerning the medial incisors and between 17.0 and 43.3 concerning the lateral ones (Tables 1 and 2). In grouping (0+1 and 2+3) (HANIHARA 1963) the four odontoscopical forms the mutual distribution of the two main - Europoid and Mongoloid - racial stocks became apparent. In the Hungarian male population the shovel-shapedness of the medial upper incisors (forms 2+3) represented in a very low percentual proportion (17.8 per cent). As it is known, the frequency of these summarized forms varies among Europoids between 0 and 15 per cent, where as among Mongoloids it has a frequency from 75 to 100 per cent. (ZUBOV 1968). In our contingent the frequency of these traits varies between 6.8 per cent (SWTransdanubia

) and 27.9 per cent (Middle Tisza Basin) (Table 1). Frequencies of similar values have been found among Azerbaidjans (4.0-22.0 per cent; GHASHIM0VA 1979), Tadjiks (2.4-27.4 per cent; ZUBOV et al 1979) as well as among the inhabitants of Daghestan (0.0-25.3 per cent; GHADZIYEV 1979). According to the summarized form (2+3) the Ugors (Khantis and Mansis) from Western Siberia represent an intermediate Europo-Mongoloid character with their 54.8 and 52.5 per cent frequency values (Table 3). The above-mentioned frequency of the Hungarian male population (17.8 per cent) reveals a well-expressed similarity with the eastern Finns; also for Komi-Zyrians (20.2 per cent) and for Maris (20.0 per cent) (AKSIAN0VA 1979, ZUBOV 1973 respectively) (Table 3, in TÓTH 1981). Relatively high frequencies (25-55 per cent) have been found not only in the Europo-Mongoloid mixed groups, but also in the southern subcontinental area of the Europoid racial stock. This situation led ZUBOV (1979), after a careful comparison of the continental distribution of this trait, to outline of three odontological complexes (types), as distinct in Eurasia (the northern gracilic, the Middle European, the southern gracilic). According to his investigations a relatively high frequency of shovel-shapedness of the medial maxillary incisors seems to be characteristic for the southern gracilic type. In considering his findings the results of our odonto-anthropological studies cannot be interpreted as the only effect of the Mongoloid components, because the odontoscopical trait just analysed is represented with a relatively high frequency in the southeastern area of the Europoids, too. The results given in this paper are in full agreement with the information about the dermatoglyphy (GLADK0VA & TÓTH 1985, 1988) and somatology of Hungarian men (TÓTH 1977, 1979), demonstrating the considerable share of the southern Europoid subcontinental complex in the anthorpological composition of Hungarians . REFERENCES AKSIANOVA

, G. A. ( 1979): Population of Petshora Basin and Lower Db. - In: ZUBOV A. A. & HALDEEVA, N. I. (eds): Ethnic Odontology of Soviet Union, Moscow, p. 93-113. (in Russian) B0GDAN0VA, V. I. & HALDEEVA, N. I. (1960): Odontologie Patterns in the Tuvins. - In: G0HMANN, I. I. (ed.): Current Problems and New Methods in Anthropolgy. Leningrad, p. 184-195.(in Russian)