Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 79. (Budapest 1987)
Kecskeméti, T.: Contributions to the phylogenetic connections of Nummulites species
tion of the position within the lineage was based on the increase of shell size, the degree of differentiation of the spire and the changes in the shape of the chambers and the septa. The phylogenetic position of TV. lehneri is not yet clear in every respect. In terms of its main characters it must belong to the meneghinii line standing close to TV. obesus. Hence its assignation adopted here. As far as the shape of the chambers, especially in the outer third of the spire, is concerned, it shows, however, a lot of resemblance to A 7 , gallensis and N. uranensis as well. Should merely this feature be considered, so it would be possible to place it between the two taxa, into the aturicus line as well. TV. sismondai and N. deshayesi are forms of unclear origin. Their characters suggest, at any rate, their belonging to the perforatus group, but because of the probability of involvment of multiple connection (mainly regarding the shape of chambers and septa), their assignation to the two preceding lines is obscure. The most probable assumption is the presence of species that got detached from TV. burdigalensis pergrantilatus (as suggested by the similarity of granulation) already in Mid-Cuisian time and that ran along collateral lines in Lutetian time (SCHAUB 1963). TV. deserti was the ancestor from which the members of the A ; . globulus —variolarius — incrassatus-, discorbinus-, partschi—lorioli —fabianii, striatus- and anomalus —stellatus groups evolved. The presence of multidirectional evolution is indicated also the fact that the groups are rather heterogeneous, including several lineages. Accordingly, uncertainties, i. e. points of controversy, are centred mainly around the identification of these groups in the phylogenetic schemes. TV. deserti starts its differentiation in Early Ilerdian time. This is when 3 important species arc getting separated: TV. globulus, N. rotularius and TV. praecursor. TV. globulus is the stock of the globulus —variolarius —incrassatus- and discorbinus groups. TV. rotularius occupies a rather isolated position, being regarded as collateral. TV. praecursor appears to represent a nodal point in evolution, having given rise to TV. partschi, TV. atacicus and TV. praehtcasi in Mip-ilerdian time. The reticulate forms evolving from TV. partschi constitute the partschi — lorioli— fabianii group, the striated descendants of N. atacicus forming the striatus group. TV. praclucasi also seems to represent a taxon that ran onto a collateral line. N. globulus —variolarius—incrassatus group Containing taxa with usually small and globular shells, the TV. globulus —variolarius — incrassatus group had its roots in TV. globulus, species extending up to the Upper Cuisian. The best manifestation of the characteristic features of A r . globulus is observed in Lutetian TV. variolarius. The presence of a direct relationship between the two taxa is a question still to be answered. Seeing clearly in this matter is rendered difficult by the marked variability and stratigraphie range of TV. variolarius (present throughout the Lutetian and even at the base of the Upper Eocene). In phylogenetic schemes the two taxa are connected, as a rule, by the inclusion of an intermediate species, N. variolarius, separated at an early stage from TV. globulus, is placed on a collateral line. Tn the present scheme, an intermediate species being supposed to have existed in the Late Cuisian, the two taxa are considered to have a d/rect-line relationship. A', stiemegensis and TV. dudarensis, forms described recently (KECSKEMÉTI 1970, 1974), show a number of features akin to TV. variolarius. The former is regarded as having represented a collateral line in Early Lutetian time, the latter as having been one that appeared in Early/Middle Lutetian transitional interval. The dates and stages of their getting separated from the stock arc unknown for the moment. What is sure is that the major characters of
