Kovács I. (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 78. (Budapest 1986)

Hably, L.: The macroflora of the borehole Kiscell-1 in Budapest

ÁNSZKY actually considered them to have actinomorph symmetry. In the remains that were found some 20 m above the others the features of zigomorph symmetry can even better be recognized. This can be seen not only from the distance between the petioles but also because of their distinctness. The upper petioles that are most distantly placed are much wider (0.5 cm) than the lower ones (0.3 cm) and their apex is chipped out. So we can see that there are obvious differences between the two remains. It is conceivable that these imprints represent different stages of development since there is a time-gap of about half a million years between the dates of their fossilization, according to the spead of sedimentation in Tard Clay. Considering this the symmetry of the flower became more and more zygomorph and their petiols which became wider and had their apex chipped out, subdivided again, but we have no evidence to support this. The borehole Kiscell-1 contains a flora typical of Tard Clay. There were not enough remains in the core so that we could find all the characteristic species, but we found some genera that were not present in the borehole marked H, and the most common and characteristic species were present. Though, unlike the boreholes H the few remains of borehole Kiscell-1 are not sufficient for giving an overall description of the flora in the Tard Clay Formation, valuable information about the range and characteristics of the Kiscellian flora can be extracted. No quantitative information can be gained about the predominant species from the few remains. Nevertheless, the species that are considered to be predominant on the basis of the flora from Tard Clay are also represented here. The occurrence of Platanus neptuni makes it certain that it was a very common and predominant element in the Late Oligocène of Hungary. The presence of Palaeocarya orsbergensis that could be identified by its epidermis, as only some of its larger leaffragments have been preserved, is very interesting. The presence of the flower imprints of Abelia quadrialata in Tard Clay is not much interest, as it occurs in every such locality. Flower imprints in the floras of other ages are very rare either in Hungary or in other parts of the world. The flora in borehole Kiscell-1 is paleotropical. Only an uncertain fruit of Acer can be mentioned from among the Arcrotertiary elements. The climate can be characterized very well on the basis of the flora. Most of the species are thermophilous or meso-thermophilous, that is, subtropical elements. Some of the remains have xerophilous features. The conclusion that the climate changed for less moist is supported by the presence of xerophilous features even on non-xerophilous species. This can be seen either in their morphological structure or in their texture, like eg. on Palaeocarya orsbergensis. Ecological and palaeoclimatological evaluation LIST OF THE SPECIES (see also Fig. 1) 17.4 m 19.3 m 20.4 m 23.2 m 24.7 m 25.5 m Dryophyllum furcinerve Dryophyllum furcinerve Abelia quadrialata 30.9 m 31.5 m 34.7 m Cercis parvifolia Dalbergia bella Pinus sp. Cercis hungarica Zizyphus zizyphoides Cercis hungarica Acer sp.? Pinus sp. Abelia quadrialata Doliostrobus hungaricus Platanus neptuni 35.5 m 37.4 m 46.0 m 48.4 m 28.1-28.3 m Doliostrobus hungaricus Platanus neptuni Palaeocarya orsbergensis Monocotyledonae