Kovács I. (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 78. (Budapest 1986)

Pap, I.: Some data on the palaeosomatology of 10-12th century Hungarians

the longest ones. The minimal circumference of the humeral diaphysis (Martin 7) was greater on the right-hand side in both men and women (Tables 1-2). I found the smallest average in the Tiszafüred sample (for males and females as well). On the basis of the massivity index (7 : 2) the upper arms of the Szabolcs females were the most gracile. The females from Tiszalók and Tiszafüred had somewhat more robust ones. The smallest degree of gracility among all the males could be found in the males of Szabolcs. Men's upper arm showed the same degree of massivity in the series of Tiszalök and Tiszafüred. The natural length (Martin 2) of the femora was the smallest in the population of Tiszalök, while it was the greatest in that of Szabolcs (both in males and females). The circumference at the middle of the diaphysis (Martin 8) was the smallest in the Szabolcs population. The diaphyses of the males from Tiszalök and Tiszafüred showed almost the same size. The values of this circumference were larger in the females of Tiszalök than in those of Tiszafüred. The male and female series of Szabolcs were of the most markedly gracile character according to femur robusticity index (8 : 2) (Tables 1-2). The most massive female group is that of Tiszalök. On the basis of the mean value of the total length of the tibiae (Martin 1), the Tiszafüred men had the shortest shin bones and the Szabolcs men had the longest ones. The case is just the opposite with the women. The minimal circumference of the tibiae diaphyses (Martin 10b) was the smallest in the bones of men from Szabolcs and the largest in those from Tiszafüred. The females of Szabolcs had the smallest circumference values for any female tibiae under examination on the whole. The Tiszalök and Tiszafüred females were of almost the same size. As a summary it can be stated that the male and female series of Szabolcs had the most gracile character. The more robust men of Tiszafüred and Tiszalök had women with them who were somewhat more massive than the Szabolcs women. The differences of gracility according to sexes were somewhat more pronounced in the two later series (Tables 1-2). Comparison of stature and body-weight ['Now let us see how far the differences found in the absolute measurements and indices of long bones can be traced back to the state of physical development. The shortest men (168.83 cm) were those of Tiszalök. The stature values of the Tiszafüred and Tiszalök series are approximatively similar. The males of Tiszafüred were the heaviest (69.51 kg) according to body-weight. The smallest weight could be calculated for the males of Szabolcs (62.44 kg). It is clear that the male groups with very similar statures (the difference is only 2.09 cm) present a very significant difference in their weights. No less than 7.07 kg is the difference between the Tiszafüred and Szabolcs populations (Table 3). — The quadratic weight-stature indices also demonstrate the differences. I found a somewhat greater difference (3.71 cm) in stature among the women. The shortest women were those of Szabolcs and the tallest ones those in Tiszalök. The differences of a smaller extent were also found in body-weights. The average weight of the females of Szabolcs and Tiszafüred was 54.00 kg, but the Tiszalök females had almost the same weight (53.58 kg). —• The quadratic weight-stature calculations brought almost the same results (Table 3). The differences of the male and female series within each population are well worth of comparison. The most extensive dimorphism was found in the population of Tiszalök from the aspect of stature. The difference between the height of men and women is 17.29 cm. The least divergence (14.77 cm) was found in the cemetery of Szabolcs. — Body-weight