Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 76. (Budapest 1984)

Pap, I.: Data to the problem of artificial cranial deformation, Part 2.

medium wide (deformed females), medium high (females and undeformed males), high (deformed males). Nose of females medium broad and medium high, medium wide, high (deformed males), narrow, low (undeformed males). Face leptoprosopic, mesen (deformed males), mesoprosopic, mesen (females), curyprosopic, euryen (undeformed females). Orbits hypsikonch (deformed males), chamaekonch (undeformed males), chamaekonch and hyperchamaekonch (females). Nose chamerrhine (undeformed females), mesorrhine in other cases (Tables 1, 4). On the basis of the primary taxonomical characteristics it may be stated that the artificial deformation modified the values of nasomalar angle from the Europoid range towards the Mongoloid character. At the same time the values of zygomaxillar angle and those of simotical subtense tended towards the Europoid average. Characterization of the long bones — Both sides of humeri gracile. Eurybracher in males, platybracher in females. Male ulnae platolen or eurolen, female ulnae mostly eurolen. Femora of males and females without pilaster or with weak pilaster, eurymcr or platymer. Tibiaeeuryknem, mesoknem. Weight: 63.66-77.19 kg in males (average 73.64), 51.56-61.57 kg in females (average 54.74). Stature of males high, those of females medium high, small medium (Table 5). Anatomical variations and abnormalities Ossa wormiana occurred most frequently in the population fragment, mostly in sutura lambdoidea. I have observed sutura metopica in several cases. 1 have already treated the anatomical variations, abnormalities and pathological changes separately at the individual graves. However, I consider it necessary to mention here the artificial interference of foramen occipitale magnum found in two instances in the material of Keszthely-Fenékpuszta. The traces of artificial widening can be seen on the back edge of foramen occipitale magnum of deformed skull No. 4. Its forward part is absent. The full edge of the foramen occipitale magnum of undeformed skull No 21 — except the right-side condylus occipitalis — was affected by intervention. The cut is of post-mortal origin, it does not resemble animal gnawing, but its human or animal origin cannot be established with certainity. The method of deformation From the 31 excavated graves the skulls of 21 individuals were deformed. It was impossible to determine whether the skulls of 2 children were deformed or not. In case of 2 skulls (Nos. 20 and 21), classified as undeformed, very slight impression can be seen behind the sutura coronalis. However, as these are of a very moderate degree, it is not probable that these could be tha traces of distortion. A so-called circular type of deformation was applied on all skulls. Two bandages were used. One of the bands surrounded the head starting from the frontal zone across the temporal region ending at the occipital zone. The impressio prebregmaticum on the frontal bone behind the tubera frontalia and the recess between the tubera parietalia and sutura squamosa, on the parietal bone, arc caused by this band. The other bandage started from the postcoronal region of the calotte and ended under the chin. This caused the impressio postbregmaticum behind the sutura coronalis. Between the two bandages the tuberculum prebregmaticum took shape as a result of the bilateral pressure. The form of skull that thus came into being was influenced by the tightness of the two bands beside the original form of skull. We can isolate two groups within this circular type of deformation. The first group is characterized by foreheads running back slantwise and markedly expressed tuber bregma! icum and impressio postbregmaticum. Most skulls belong to this group. The second