Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 71. (Budapest 1979)

Gladkova, T. D. ; Tóth, T.: The dermatoglyphical materials of Hungarians from Gyöngyöstarján and Kisfalud

The main palm lines ABCD. — Like in other peoples both in our samples the endings of the lines ABCD are more distal on the right hand than on the left one (Tables 4 and 5). — Table 6 shows that in both groups the proximal type of the line C (x+0) is more frequent than the absence (O) of this line together with the triradius "C", which on the whole, is typical for the Caucasoid peoples (PLATO 1970). In Caucasoids the distal type of the line B (6+7+8+9) is more frequent than the ulnar type (3+4+5'+ 5"). Judging by these traits, our groups are within the variation for the Caucasoid peoples and are very close to each other. Our groups do not differ by the types of the lines A and D nor by the Cummins index. According to PLATO'S classification (1970) in Mongoloids the ulnar type of the line C (fields 4+5'+5"+6+7) is more frequent than the radial type (9 + 10+11+12 + 13); in Caucasoid the opposite relationships have been observed. Judging by this trait, the Gyöngyöstarján sample is closer to Mongoloids, while the Kisfalud sample to Caucasoids, but the ditference is non-significant. Palm pattern, accessorial and axial triradii (Table 7). — In our groups the usual bilateral variation of the palm patterns have been observed, namely, the frequencies of pattern on hypothenar and the interdigital III pad are slightly more abundant in right palms than in left ones, while patterns on thenar/I and /IV interdigital pad are more frequent in left hands. But in the Hungarian sample from Kisfalud the frequency of pattern on hypothenar and interdigital pad III is higher and on interdigital pad IV — significantly lower than in the group from Gyöngyöstarján. In both samples the accessorial triradii are abundant which is typical for Caucasoid peoples. Their frequency on interdigital pad II is higher for right palms than for left ones, on interdigital pad IV the opposite situation is observed. The carpal axial triradii (t) are more abundant in left hands while central (t"), intermediate (C) ones and combination of two and three triradii are more frequent in right palms. In the Gyöngyöstarján sample the frequency of t is slightly higher than in the Kisfalud group. * * * We have presented a brief review of the dermatoglyphical materials of Hungarians from Gyöngyöstarján and Kisfalud (Tables 1-7). It was shown that in the Gyöngyöstarján sample the percentage of the loops on fingers and the frequency of patterns on hypothenar and interdigital pad III are lower and the frequency of this is higher than in the sample from Kisfalud. Moreover, in this group the ulnar type of the line C (4 + 5'+5"+6+7) is higher than the radial type (9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13) which, in general, is typical for Mongoloids. But on the whole, the dermatoglyphical traits of these groups are within the variations for Caucasoid peoples. Let us now give a comparative characteristics of skin patterns of Hungarians and some other peoples. As we already noted in our previous work (GLADKOVA & TÓTH 1977), the studied male series from the different regions of Hungary showed not only some extra group variations but also a mosaic similarity. It was difficult to trace some gradient in the distribution of separate traits in the territory of the country. Now we compare the groups by the complex traits. This method (ZUBOV) consists of the calculation of mean sums of positive and negative deviations from a conventional zero-group. For such a group we took the Kazakhs (GLADKOVA 1964) attributed to the South-Siberian anthropological type. In the analysis we included those characters which in some degree are typical for "Mongoloid" and "Europoid" traits in dermatoglyphics. Thus, the frequency of arches, of ulnar loops on the fingers and of the patterns on hypothenar and interdigital pad III as well is type II of line D are higher in Caucasoids. On the contrary, the percentage of whorls, the frequency of patterns on interdigital pad IV and of triradius t is higher in Mongoloids.