Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 68. (Budapest 1976)

Papp, L. ; Plachter, H.: On cave-dwelling Sphaeroceridae from Hungary and Germany (Diptera)

psychrophilous and hygrophilous species, occurs in the parts of the caves near the entrance very rarely, and, although it is not regarded here as a true troglophilous species, it represents some intermediate position between the groups of troglophilous and hemitroglophilous species. As we can find macrocavernicolous, microcavernicolous and terricolous species alike in the family Sphaeroceridae — even in the same species groups — the further study of the lifehabits of the species will support also the development of a model: how the fly species can become true troglobiont species. Finally, it seems useful to summarize the main characteristics of the troglophilous Sphaerocerid species for the further study of the cave-dwelling flies. These are : a) extremely heterogenous breeding substrates of the larvae (récupérants); b) reduction in eyes owing to the accomodation to aphotic caves; c) they never fly. that is why the wing moving muscles are reduced and thus the volume of their thorax became smaller, this can result in the reduction of the wing during the phylogenesis of the species (a strongly reduced winged specimen of Limosina bequaerti was found in the present material for first time for this species) ; d) they are psychrophilous thus their ontogenesis is rather long ; e) in the conditions of the caves they have no periodicity in their propagation ; f ) they are stenohygrous but they are not necessarily stenothermous ; g) they have almost so strong negative phototaxy as the troglobiont organisms (contrarily to the Coprornyza species in the present materials). References BAJOMI, D. (1968): Recherches éeologiques-faunistiques dans des gouffres de la Hongrie. — Karszt- és Barlangkutatás, 5 (1963—1967): 117-133. BAJOMI, D. (1969): A barlangi fauna osztályozása. —Karszt és Barlang, 1969/1: 29-32. BEZZI, M. (1907) : Ulteriori notizie sulla Ditterofauna délie caverne. — Atti. Soc. Ital. Sei. Nat., 46: 177-187. BEZZI, M. (1911): Biospeologica. XX. Diptères (Première sér.). — Arch. Zool. exper. et génér., 8: 1-87. BEZZI, M. (1914): Speomyia absoloni n. gen., n. sp. (Dipt.), eine degenerierte Höhlenfliege aus dem herzogowinisch-montenegrischen Hochgebirge. —Zool. Anz., 44: 504-507. DUDA, O. (1918): Revision der europäischen Arten der Gattung Limosina Macquart (Dipteren). — Abh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 10(1): 1-240. DUDA, O. (1938) : 57. Sphaeroceridae (Cypselidae). — In E. LINDNER Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 6(1): 1-182. DÜDICH, E. (1932): Biologie der Aggteleker Tropfsteinhöhle ,,Baradla", Ungarn. —Speleol. Monogr. Wien, 13, p. 1-246. FALCOZ, L. (1915) : Contribution à l'étude de la faune des microcavernes : Faune des terriers et des nids. — Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 57-245. HACKMAN, W. (1963) : Studies on the Dipterous fauna in burrows of voles (Microtus, Clethrionomys) in Finland. — Acta Zool. Fenn., 102 : 1-64. HACKMAN, W. (1967): On Diptera in small mammal burrows in Xorthern Europ eand Southern Spain. — Not. Ent., 47: 1-14. HESELHAUS, F. (1913): Über Arthropoden in Maulwurfsnestern. —• Tijdschr Ent., 56: 195-240. LERUTH, R. (1931): Note prehminaire sur la faune cavernicole de Belgique. — Soc. Belg, géol. arch., 10: 1-14. PAPP, L. (1973): Sphaeroceridae-Drosophilidae. In Fauna Hungáriáé, 15(7): 1-146. RICHARDS, O. W. (1930): The British species of Sphaeroceridae (Borboridae, Diptera). — Proc.Zool. Soc. London, 1930: 261-345. SCHMITZ, H. (1909): Die Insektenfauna der Höhlen von Maastricht und Umgegend. —• Tijdschr. Ent., 52: 62-92. SCHMITZ, H. (1914): Contribution à l'étude de la faune cavernicole de la Belgique. — Ann. Soc. E. Zool. Mal. Belg., 48: 67-84.