Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 66. (Budapest 1974)

Bottyán, O.: The sexual dimorphism of the human mandible

values of the median category of DEBETS' classification. So these last calculated values may be regarded as rough approximation of the average degree of sex dimorphism. Column 8 gives the difference of the two previous columns, i. e. what the degree of deviation of sexual dimorphism is as revealed by the mandibles examined in this paper and that in accordance with DEBETS' data. (The values of 09/1 and 69/3 were determined on the basis of measurements taken on the left- and righthand side). 1. Measurements a) Width values — Among the width measurements of the examined material (65, 66, 67, 71, 71/1) the greatest sexual differences were shown in measurements 66 (8.16%), while for 71, 65, 71/1 67 in this order the sexual difference was between 6 and 4%. Comparing these values to those of DEBETS the sexual dimorphism devations by and large show similar values, only measurement 66 displayed a slightly greater deviation, for in the given sample the average was surpassed by 2.16%. (DEBETS gave no value for measurement 71/1). OLIVIER stressed the importance of measurements 65 and 66 as being characteristic of sexual dimorphism in his mandible examinations. GILES in examining 204 African and 61 white samples (male and female in equal proportion) has shown 9 absolute values characterizing sex. His data were here further processed and percentages were calculated, but only for the white samples and leaving the values of 69/1 and 69/3 out of consideration, since the points of measurements used in these two cases did not coincide with those used in the present study. In width measurement 66 gave sexual difference of 6.37%, measurement 71 gave 4.57% and measurement 65 gave 3.35%. These results show a somewhat smaller sexual difference than those in the Hungarian samples, but the deviation is not significant. On the other hand, EHARA'S study shows a little higher sexual difference than our own, since measurement 65 yielded a percentage of 7.50, and 71 yielded a percentage of 7.37. The sexual difference of the width measurement of the incesure (71/1) is almost the same: 5%. (It is worth to mention that from the Japanese ^ roups examined by EHARA only those were compared which originated from about the same period, namely, three groups comprising in all 85 men and 25 women. The weighted average values and from these the percentages of the sexual dimorphism were calculated by the present author, because EHARA was rather interested in mandible variation than in sexual dimorphism. It is worth to mention too that EHARA did not examine 11 the measurements which were made use of in the Hungarian sample). b) Length values — The examined two length measurements (68, 68/1) have shown a sexual difference around 4%, both ajiproximativery correspond to DEBETS' average deviations, and to GILES' measurement of 68/1 with a percentage of 4.57. OLIVIER considers 68/1 to be the more characteristic of the two. This statement is somewhat contradictory to the values obtained by DEBETS and by the present author. EHARA examined only measurement 68/1, where the sexual dimorphism showed a 2—2.5% higher value than in the Hungarian sanrple, and in the average values of Debets. c) Height values — In examining the sexual difference of height v alues (69, 69/1, 70), it was revealed that measurement 69 showed the greatest difference