Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 66. (Budapest 1974)

Bottyán, O.: The sexual dimorphism of the human mandible

ANNALES HISTORICO-NATTJRALES MUSEI NATIONALES HUNGARICI Tomus 66. Budapest 1974. The Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Mandible By L. 0. BOTTYÁN, Budapest Abstract — On the basis of 473 Hungarian skulls from the 7th to the 15th century, the sequence of 17 metrical values is given to show sexual dimorphism. Further, the sexual dimorphism of mandible capacity and some morphoscopic feature are analyzed in brief. — 4 tables. In the rather extensive literature on mandible hardly any endeavours to tackle the problem of sexual dimorphism. Comprehensive anthropological works (e. g. MARTIN 1928, MARTIN & SALLER 1959) at most only lightly touch upon the problem with a mention of a few data only. OLIVIER (1960) devotes more space to the question. From papers discussing sexual dimorphism at length (e. g. DZIERZYKRAY — ROGALSKI 1949, KEEN 1950, GILES 1964, STUART & STANLEY 1972) further data may be obtained. From many data of ALEXEYEV & DEBETS (1954) and EHARA (1964) valuable conclusions may be reached, although, the latter naturally mainly discuss Japanese specimens. The rather scanty literature justifies the study of the respective Hungarian material, and a comparison of results with those obtained by the above authors. During the examination of the mandible, all characteristics were examined, studied by one of the above authors but some additional characteristics (e. g. 70/3, 71/1 and apex geni of spina mentalis) have been analysed too, not studied by any of the above authors. Euthermore, the author elaborated a special method to characterize mandible capacity Avhich helped to establish data as far as sexual dimorphism was concerned. The examinations comprise two major groups: 1. Morphometric examination, treating the following measurements: 65, 66, 67, 68, 68/1, 69, 69/1, 69/3, 70, 70/3 71, 71/1 and 79 angle, and four indices: mandible branch index, goniocondylien index, robust index, incisure index (Martin measurements)

. 2. During the morphoscopic observations the situation and frequency, occurrence of foramen mentale, the tuberosity of the environs of foramen mandibu lae, the frequency occurrence of the apex geni of spine mentalis and the frequency of torus mandibulars were analyzed and evaluated. The selection of samples, material, method Specimens of good condition of mandibulae and of longer series were used for examination deriving from Hungarian localities preserved in the bone collection of the Anthropopological Department of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. Neither race nor type aspects was considered when selecting the material. Sites: Alattyán-Tulát 7th-9th c. (WENGER 1957), Ártánd 7th-9th c. (ÉRY 1967), Homokmégyhalom 7th-9th c. (LIPTÁK 1956), Üllő II. 8th —9th c. (LIPTÁK 1955), Sopronkőhida 9th c. (NEMESKÉRI MS), Kál 10th c. (ERY 1970), Zalavár-Kápolna 9th -11th c. (WENGER 1970), Kérpuszta 11th c. (LIPTÁK 1953), Oroszvár 10th-11th c. (BOTTYÁN 1972), Fonyód 14th-15th c. (DEZSŐ et al. 1963). The majority of the skulls were Europoid, and only a small proportion was Europo-Mongoloid. 532 mandibles were examined. Although, the number of evalua-