Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 65. (Budapest 1973)

Bohus, G.: Soil acidity and the occurrence of fungi in deciduous forests

«0 G. BoHus 2. Concerning pH values, some small-rate fluctuation can be observed in the regulation. If the fluctuation is greater, as e.g. in Russula cyanoxantha, the reason may well be the taxonomic heteregeneity of the species. 3. Regulation deviating from the normal can occasionally be observed ; on one occasion an Amanita muscaria and a Ramaria f

ormosa fruitbody regulated above pH 5. 4. Investigations should also be extended to coniferous woods ; this, however, cannot be done in Hungary since there are few natural coniferous associations. 5. Literature also carries data which disagree with the statements given in the present and in the two preceding papers (BOHUS & BABOS 1960, 1967). The rich material of SMARDA'S (1972) work, and also because it refers to associations similar to those existing in Hungary, affords to a certain extent the detection of the contrary statements without recourse to field observations. Thus SMARDA lists in the association Querceto-Carpinetum medioeuropaeum TTJXEN

—standing near QuercetoCarpinetum pannonicum

—among the fungus species surveyed also taxa which are in our estimation acidophilous in character. A study of the contradiction reveals that SMARDA surveyed acidophilous species mostly in stands on a strongly acidic substrate (level A

0 = pH 4.0; level Ai : pH 4.6 ; level A2 : pH 4.6) and where also acidophilous flowering plants occurred. It appears from the specific lists of the survey and the character of the soil that this stand is no more typical but takes an intermediate position between Q uerceto-Carpinetum medioeuropaeum and LuzuloQuerco-Carpinetum. The presence in it of acidophilous species is thus understandable. SMARDA recorded extensively the presence of acidophilous species from the associations Potentillo-Quercetum pannonicum KLIKA and Fagetum typicum ZLATNIK, but the data of soil measurements obtained at one point of the stands do not justify it. {Potentillo-Quercetum pannonicum) level A

0

: pH 5.8, 6.6; level Ai: pH 5.6 5.6; level A

2

: 5.6 5.8; Fagetum typicum: level A: pH 5.2 5.2 6.2-5.5? level B: pH 5.2 5.0 5.9). In Hungary, in the same associations and in similar pH conditions, acidophilous species occur but rarely, and then in locally acidic sites. According to our measurements in this respect, the soil of the fructifying sites of acidophilous species was invariably more acidic than that of their neighbourhood (e. g. in the fructifying site of Cortinarius torvus, growing in PotentilloQuercetum pannonicum,, soil acidity reached also the extreme value pH 3.7). Since the Moravian territory, investigated by Smarda, receives more precipitation than Hungary, there is a greater possibility of mosaic soil acidification, and therefore the presence of acidophilous species. References BOHUS, G. & BABOS, M. (1960): Coenology of terricolous macroscopic fungi of deciduous forests. - Bot. Jahrb., 80: 1-100. BOHUS, G. & BABOS, M. (1967): Mycocoenological investigation of acidophilous deciduous forests in Hungary.

—Bot. Jahrb., 87: 304-360. ELLENBERG, H. (1958): Bodenreaktion (einschliesslich Kalkfrage).

—In Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie, 4: 638-708. HlNTiKKA, V. (1970): Studies on white-rot humus formed by higher fungi in forest soils. —

Communie. Inst. Forest. Fenniae, 69(2): 1-68. JUHÁSZ-NAGY, P. (1959): Investigations concerning the interpretation and qualitative analysis of the modern concept of habitat.

—Acta Biol. Hung., Suppl. 3: 23-24. KNAPP, R. (1953): Über die natürliche Verbreitung von Arnica montana L. und ihre Entwicklungsmöglichkeit auf verschiedenen Böden.

—Ber. d. Deutch. Bot. Ges., 66: 167-178.