Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 63. (Budapest 1971)
Kol, E.: Green snow and ice from the Antarctica
GREEN SNQW FROM THE ANTARCTICA 55 Antarctica wholly differs —as is to be seen from the summaries given above — from the green cryoseston of the Northern Hemisphere. Whereas in the Northern Hemisphere masses of the various Raphidonema — Koliella species, Chlaymdomonas yellowstonensis, and diverse Carteria species stain green the surface of the snow fields, the species Chlorella ellipsoidea f. antarctica WILL., Stichococcus bacillaris NÄG. and its various forms, Chlamydomonas ballenyana KOL, Bracteococcus minor var. glaciális FLINT, Ankistrodesmus antarcticus KOL et FLINT appear in great numbers in the green snow and ice of Antarctica. It is an interesting phenomenon also from an aerobiological point of view that there are very few bipolar cryobiont microorganisms, and in most cases they, too, exhibit some difference between the species inhabiting the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. Summary Six green algal species, deriving from green snow and ice samples collected by Professor P. M. ARNAUD on Terre Adélie, Antarctica, are discussed; the predominating taxa are Bracteococcus minor var. glaciális FLINT, and Chlamydomonas ballenyana var. minor var. nova. An algal diagram shows also the quantitative occurrence of the microorganisms of the cryoseston. A review and comparison of the green cryosestons hitherto published from the Antarctica are also given. Explanation of Plate 1. Figs. 1 —G: Chlamydomonas ballenyana KOL, X1500: 1. cell division, 2. start of cell division, 3. cell without flagellum, 4. formation of daughter cells, x 1000, 5, 0. vegetative cells. — Figs. 7 — 8: Scotiella nivalis (SHTJTTLEW.) FRITSCH, xl500: 7. young cell, 8. young cell with thick strata of gelatinous cover. — Figs. 9 — 13: Bracteococcus minor (CHOD.) PETROVÁ var. glaciális FLINT, X1500: 9, 12. zoospores, 10. zoosporangium, x 1000, 11. local thickening or bubble on wall of old cell, 13. young cell. — Fig. 14: Cryocystis brevispina fo. groenlandica KOL, X 1000. — Fig. 15: Cryocystis granulosa KOL, x 1500. — Figs. 16 — 19: Scotiella polyptera FRITSCH, xlOOO: 16, 18, 19. formation of spores, 17. top-view of cell. References: 1. FOGG, G. E. (1967): Observation on the snow algae of the South Orkney Islands. Phil. Trans. Roy Soc. London, B. Biol. Sc. 252: 279-287. 2. FRITSCH, F. E. (1912): Freshwater algae of the South Orkneys. Rep. Sei. Results Scott Nat. Antarctic Exp., 3: 95 — 134. — 3. FUKUSHIMA, H. (1959): General Report on Fauna and Flora of the Ongul Island, Antarctica, especially on Freshwater Algae. J. Yokohama Munie. Univ. Ser. C— 31, 112, 1-10. - 4. GAIN, L. (1912): La flore algologique des régions antartiques et subantartiques. Deuxième Exp. antartique française, comm. par J. Charcot, 1908 — 1910, Sc. Nat. Doc. Sc. Paris, pp. 1—218. — 5. HIRANO, M. (1965): Freshwater algae in the antarctic regions. Biogeography and ecology in Antarctica, pp. 127—93. — 6. KOL, E. (1968): Algae from the Antarctica. Ann. Hist.-nat. Mus. Nat. Hung., 60: 71 — 76. — 7. KOL, E. (1968): Kryobiologie. Stuttgart, pp. 1-218. - 8. KOL, E. & FLINT, E. A. (1968): Algae in green ice from the Balleny Islands, Antarctica. New Zealand J. of Bot. 6: 249-261. — 9. LLANO, G. A. (1962): The terrestrial life of the Antarctic. Scient. Am., 207: 213-230. - 10. WILDEMANN, É. (1935): Observation sur des Algues, rapportées par l'Expédition antartique de la "Belgica", 1897 — 1899. Res. Voy. Belgica, 1897-1899, Botanique p. 3-45.
