Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 63. (Budapest 1971)

Kovács, L.: Data to the knowledge of Hungarian Macrolepidoptera VI. Data with respect to migrating and spreading species

of the western and eastern parts of the country (Map 9). Furthermore, if one considers that obstipata migrates everywhere, it seems nearly certain that an immigration occurs also from the east and southeast (the isolated, early observation at Miskolc is perhaps attributable to this fact). However, specimens arriving from the east reach our borders generally later, and in certain years may form a common population with those invading from the west. The quantitative data still imply that the main direction of migration is from the west towards the east. Nor is the country uniform with regard to the appearance of the peak values of the individual numbers. In the Western Transdanubia, showing medium high individual numbers, the culmination falls on the turn of July and August. According to the diagram of individual numbers, two peaks can be observed in the Southeastern Transdanubia, one each in the middle of July and August. In the TransTisza Region, there is a summer culmination in the first half of August and an autumnal one at the end of October. The culmination of the individual numbers is the latest betwene the Danube and the Tisza, in the firts decade of September. In the northeastern part of the Transdanubia, culmination falls rather late too, at the end of August. Individual numbers are so low in the Northern Central Range that no definite culmination can be designated (Table 3). N. obstipata is one of our lepidopterous species flying for the longest time. We have specimens from November from the entire territory of the country, and the ratio of November exemplars is rather high in the southern part of the Trans-Tisza Region (11.5%). The latest observations fall on the last pentade of November (2 cf at Gerla, and 1 $ at Tolna, on 26 Nov., 1969, and 1 çf at Tolna, on 30 Nov., 1970), in 1970 on the 3 Dec. (Sellye). Map 9. Areas involved in the invasions of Nycterosea obstipata F. in the years 1962—67 (based on the data of 40 light traps)