Szekessy Vilmos (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 62. (Budapest 1970)
Bottyán, O.: The variations of the palatum with respect to sexual dimorphism I.
Váchartyán, VIII. c. (BÂTAI, 1952), Alattyán-Tulát, VII-IX. c. (WENGER, 1957), Homokmégyhalom, VII-IX. c. (LÍPTÁK, 1956), Ártánd, VIII-IX. c. (ÉRY, 1966, 1967), Üllő L, Üllő IL, VIII-IX. c. (LÍPTÁK, 1955), Sopronkőhida, IX. c. (NEMESKÉRI, MS), Kál, X. c. (ÉRY, in print), Sárbogárd, X. c. (ÉRY, 1967-68), Üllő-Ilona út, X. c. (NEMESKÉRI-GÁSPÁRDI, 1954), Zalavár-Kápolna, IX-XI. c. (WENGER, in print), Zalavár-Vár, IX-XI. c. (NEMESKÉRI, MS); Jászdózsa, XI. c. (LÍPTÁK, 1957), Kérpuszta, XI. c. (LÍPTÁK, 1953), Cegléd, X-XII. c. (LÍPTÁK, 1957), Orosháza-Rákóczi telep, X-XIII. c. (LIPTÁK-FARKAS, 1962), Fonyód, XIV-XV. c. (DEZSŐ et al., 1963), Mohács-Csele, XIV-XV. c. (NEMESKÉRI-DEÁK, 1956). Problems as to race and type have naturally been disregarded in the selection of the samples. The examined crania are in general Europoids and only exceptionally Europo-Mongoloids. Thus the sample represents a comparatively circumscribed stratum of mankind, owing also to geographic and periodic delimitations. Of the 2000 examined skulls, I found only 729 crania suitable for measurements. The 368 skulls from the Avar Period (VI-IX. c.) and the 361 crania from the Árpádian Age (X-XV. c.) have been evaluated separately also according to these periods only in the correlational calculations, but treated together as regards the other characteristics. In the diverse studies according to the characters, the number of the evaluated crania have not always been the same, since not all of them could be uniformly measured or evaluated with respect to the various characters. The material has been grouped into male and female skulls. In investigating sexual dimorphism, I have naturally excluded from the evaluations the data of individuals belonging to the Infans and Juvenilis age groups. Concerning age group studies, however, I studied the palates beginning with the infants since the palatum acquires all of its characters already at a relatively early age; unfortunately, the number of infant crania was rather low, if only for their more porous state of preservation. The palates of individuals relegable to the senile age group have also been examined in spite of the frequently atrophied state of the senile palatum. Hence I treated, in examining the various characters, the senile individuals separately or, in certain cases, not at all. Age groups have been considered according to MARTIN (1948): inf. 1 : 0-7 years, inf. II. : 8-14 years, juv. : 15-21 years, adultus : 22-29 years, maturus: 30-59 years, senilis: 60-x years. The age groups inf. I. and II. have usually been drawn together. I took over only the sex and age determinations from the papers of the authors cited above. I established all other data myself, taking the absolute measurements by the same instrument, and naturally by the application of the same measuring method, for the sake of assuring uniformity. The palatal lengths and widths have been determined, on the basis of MARTIN'S points of measurements, by a vernier caliper or sliding calipers. The length of the spina nasalis posterior and the palatal depth have also been measured by a vernier caliper or a palatometer, respectively, again according to MARTIN'S points of measurements. Statistical analysis was made on the basis of YULE-KENDALL'S work (1964). Discussion 1. Palatal lengths, widths, and indices Concerning the palatal measurements, MARTIN puts forth the generally known thesis that, given Europoid brachycephalic skulls, the male palatum is longer and wider than the female one. In his study, J. K. Woo (1949) makes the same statement based on all of his very extensive series. And as already mentioned in the introduction, BROTHWELL points out the same fact.
