Szekessy Vilmos (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 60. (Budapest 1968)

Wenger, S.: Data to the anthropology of a late Roman period population in the SE Transdanubia

medium wide total face and upper face (mesoprosopy and mesen), the medium high orbitals (mesoconchism), the medium wide nose (mesorrhiny), and the medium stature.The male findings from Csákvár of the Late Roman Period, are also characterized, similarly to ours, by mesocranial, mesoprosopic, mesen and mesoconch features, but their nose, contrarily to our material, is wide (chamaerrhinian) and their stature medium. On the other hand, the males from Intercisa and Brigetio are separable from our material by their leptoprosopic, lepten, chamaeconch, and leptorrhinian traits. The data of the males from the Sarmatian Period of Hódmezővásárhely (from the shores of the Fehértó lake) are also worthy of attention, with their mesocranial, mesoprosopic, mesen, chamaeconch, and mesorrhinian features and the medium stature which, except for the nasal index, completely agree with our material. As far as the female findings are concerned, their characters (mesocranial, leptoprosopic, mesen, mesoconch) resemble those of the Csákvár material. The difference lies merely in the nasal index (SE Transdanubia: leptorrhinian; Csákvár: mesorrhinian). The female findings from Bogád differ from our material by dolichocrany, the hypsiconeh orbitals and low stature, those from Intercisa by mesoprosopism, mesorrhiny, and great medium stature, those from Brigetio by mesorrhiny (the facial and stature characters cannot be measured or are absent), while those from Hódmezővásárhely — Fehértó by brachycrany, eurypropsopy, euryeny, hypsiconeh orbitals, and mesorrhiny. The agreement of our male and female series from the SE Transdanubia with those from Bogád and Csák vár is further substantiated by the fact that T. TÓTH as well as J. NEMESKÉRI established the predomination, both in the Bogád and the Csákvár materials, of also Mediterranean and Protoeuropoide, respectively "gracile" Mediterranean and Northern Protoeuropoide type-elements. Finally, with respect to some similarities with the Sarmatian Period findings from the southern Plains of Hungary, it is to be noted that there also occur Mediterranoide and Nordoide elements among the type-groups of this material. The correct archeologieal conception should in this case also be emphasized (Mócsi, 1954), namely that the ethnic history of the Roman provinces in the Danubian Basin cannot be analysed in its desired extension without due attention to the historical and archeologieal data concerning the connections between the Sarmatians and the populations of the known provinces. Summary 1. The study of the antropological material of the cemeteries from the Late Roman Period in the SE Transdanubia led to the establishing of the following taxonomical groups : 1. A Nordoide-Protoeuropoide type, characterized by a long to medium long skull, wide forehead, narrow to medium narrow total and upper face, and a greatmedium to medium stature ; IL A gracile, Mediterranoide group, characterized by medium long to long skull, wide forehead, narrow total and upper face, a gracile and fine relief, and low to medium stature ; III. A Cromagnoide-B group, in which a medium long and brachycranial skull, wide forehead, wide to medium wide face and upper face characters predominate. 2. The total picture of the cemetery reflects Europoide characteristics. 3. A comparison of the male and female findings from the Late Roman Period in the SE Transdanubia with the male and female series of Bogád, Csákvár, Inter-