Szekessy Vilmos (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 59. (Budapest 1967)
Éry, K.: An anthropological study of the Late Avar Period population of Ártánd
fluvial type which taxonomically links up with the features observed on the Ártánd females. The measurements and indices according to the distance-analysis, of the male and female series found to stand relatively near the Ártánd population, are to be found in Table 12. Our studies had therefore shown, in the case of the Ártánd males, South Russian Sarmatian parallels. Let us, however, consider in Table 11, from an ethnic point of view, the series standing rather more removed from the two above series. They are Table 13 : Size, Shape and Generalized Distance of Different Series from Artánd Series (o*<5) Size Shape (C z 2) Generalized distance (Dp 2 ) Series from the Sarmatian Period (Soviet Union, IV. c. B. C.-III. c. A. D. ) 0. 000 0. 063 0.818 Series from the Avar Period (Central Danubian Basin, VI. -IX. c. ) 0. 030 0. 179 2.415 Series from the Arpadian Age (Central Danubian Basin, X. -XII. c. ) 0. 030 0. 265 3. 441 Sarmatians from the Volgograd area (Kalinovka), and Protobulgarians from the middle reaches of the Volga (Bolshe Tarhan, Kaibel). A part of these series is therefore also a Sarmatian population. It can be established therefore that Sarmatian elements had certainly played a role in the ethnogenesis of the Ártánd males. This is also strikingly illustrated by the values of Table 13. This Table contains the distance values calculated from the combined series of the Sarmatian Period in the Soviet Union given in Table 11, further those of the Avar Period and the Árpádian Age in the Central Danubian Basin. Even in the case of combined series, the Ártánd males stand nearer to the population of the Sarmatian Period than to the more considerably removed series of the Avar Period and the Árpádian Age. With respect to size (CQ), the Ártánd male skulls entirely agree with the Sarmatian ones, with some difference only as to shape (C^). It is also obvious that, beyond this, they are nearer, as to shape, to the Avar Period than the Árpádian Age populations. And if the above Sarmatian series are examined with respect to the rate of similarity, chronology, and geographical location, one might also visualize the actual route of their migration: Western Kazakstan, Lower Volga, Eastern Ukraine, Central Danubian Basin. From the lines pointing towards the Protobulgarian series, probably no genetic collexion can be inferred. There had namely merged also a significant amount of Sarmatian elements into the Bulgarians of the Volga, some similarities might therefore derive from this fact (AKIMOVA, 1964). On the other hand, their facial structure is already different, mainly that of the Bolshe Tarhan series, in so far as it is considerably flatter than that of Ártánd and this indicates a Mongoloidé immixture. * The lines of the Ártánd males pointing towards the South Russian Sarmatian series obviously raise a number of other problems which, however, can be clarified only by further and extensive areheological, historical, linguistical, and anthropological investigations.
