Szekessy Vilmos (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 59. (Budapest 1967)

Bottyán, O.: Data to the anthropology of the Hun Period population in Hungary

data DS, DC, SC, SS, DS:DC, SS:SC, NM angle, ZM angle, and 75/1, but in this case, the value of the single examined group is given in the Table common with the individuals. This totalling process is mathematically not correct, and its Tightness disputable from an anthropological point of view. The process is not correct from a purely mathematical standpoint, because. 1. The given anthropological data are not independent of each other. It suffices to point out the interdependency of the absolute measurements and the indices ; 2. In the evaluation of the groups, the effects of the diverse individual numbers of the groups are disregarded. This fault can obviously not be eliminated by a simple, weighing method; 3. The fact that in the given groups the number of the data can be smaller than the individual number of the group, because of unmeasurable measurements and indices respectively, is also disregarded. The Tightness of the applied process is disputable from an anthropological point of view, because. 1. The weighing is the same for all measurements and indices. The order of importance of the measurements and indices, and the rate of their weighing should be in conformity with the order of weighing ; 2. Calculations had been made on the basis of the absolute measurements and indices enumerated above, since these were the only available ones. It is disputable whether these data are sufficient, or whether these are the very important ones that are needed; 3. Skulls similar in a geometrical interpretation are evaluated by the applied method as similar only in the field of the indices but not in the absolute measurements ; 4. The applied method evaluates as equal the percentage differences of the same volume of magnitude for any given measurement or index (THOMA, 1957) ; 5. The sign of the difference is disregarded by the method and it fails to apply, respectively, any means for its corresponding consideration ; 6. The necessary volume of the exponent of the percent differences appearing in the summarization is not clarified. This should be established by a suitable process, but it will probably be found to be between + 1 and + 2, hence we have used in the comparisons both the exponents +1 and + 2, and calculated their corresponding means for the final grading; 7. With reference to the bigger absolute measurements, the precision of the method is greater owing to the reading of the measurements in millimeter values; 8. In certain cases (only in individuals but not in groups) the difference of at most one lacking measurement or index has been supplemented by the mean difference. In the course of comparison, the summarized data have been separated into individual and group evaluations. In the quest of the similarity of the groups, the reliability of the comparison is smaller (owing to a consideration of the means) than in the case of the individual ones. In Table 1/a, the data of 19 skulls have been submitted, in a sequence according to the method discussed above. The resemblances of the first four individuals are evaluated in details. 1. The skull (Grave 3) found in Homokmégy halom, from the time of the Hungarian Conquest, differs rather strongly in two characters. Measurement 17 is lower (4.8%), measurement 5 is higher (4.8%).