Szekessy Vilmos (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 59. (Budapest 1967)

Pintér, L.: A revision of the genus Carychium O. F. Müller, 1774, in Hungary (Mollusca, Basommatophora)

Szárazvölgy, Szilvásvárad, Szinva-hordalék, Szögliget, Tekenősyölgy, Vadászvölgy). Duna-hordalék (Esztergom). Tisza-hordalék (Szeged, Telektanya, Újszeged). Glossary of Hungarian terms: barlang = cave ; erdő = forest; forrás = spring; hegy = = mountain, hill; hegység = mountains, range; hordalék = stream deposit, drift; kút = well hole; patak = brook; szikla = cliff ; tó = lake; völgy — valley. As is to be seen from the list, we have hardly any data from the Grest Plains, though collectings must have been made also in this area. Data are entirely absent from the Zemplén range and the Mts. Gerecse; the Mts. Mátra, the Buda hills and the Mts. Vértes are also poorly represented. However, the available material allows to state (corroborating the results of investigations abroad) that Carychium minimum is primarily characteristic of the plains, but it occurs also in the valleys of the hilly and mountainous chains. It is highly hydrophilous, hiding under wet logs and in mosses. On the other hand, Carychium tridentatum is bound preponderantly to hilly and mountainous regions. It occurs, as far as our experiences go, only exceptionally in the plains though this statement may suffer strong modifications after a reexamination of specimens originating from the Great Plains. This species, too, favours wet sites, though it can be collected also in shaded yet dry rocky ledges. In a great number of localities (in 35.5 per cent of the examined material), it occurs together with Carychium minimum. In all likelihood, none of the localities of C. tridentatum can be regarded as primary habitats in the Plains. The strikingly abundant population of the Dajka-kert in Békéscsaba is hardly interprétable were it not regarded as an introduced element : the species might have arrived here either with waterborn drift in earlier centuries or by the means of plants. In any case, it is today extremely vigorous. The finding in Jászfelsőszentgyörgy derives obviously from the deposits of the river Zagyva, Tákos lies in the inundation area of the Tisza, and the 79 specimens found near Szigetújfalu on the island Csepel also refer to a waterborn origin. On the other hand, it would require first-hand investigations in situ to find an adequate explanation for the occurrence of C. tridentatum in Bátorliget and Császártöltés. Based on our experiences hitherto, it may safely be stated that neither one of the species show any special requirement as to soil or rock substrate. They might equally be found in weakly acidic surroundings (Feketehegy, Mts. Pilis; pH 6—6.8), as in neutral or weakly basic habitats (Malom valley, Pilismarót; pH 7 — 7.5). They have been collected on basalt, andésite, limestone and dolomite; they live in compact, clayey soils and can be found also in locust woods on sand. However, individual density is indubitably the greatest in calciferous habitats, e.g. the Garadna valley in the Mts. Bükk. Though the major part of the collections derive from the drift of the Garadna brook, it is still striking that the Carychium shells found here constitute 38 per cent of all examined materials in Hungary. Something should also be said of the drift materials of the Danube and the Tisza. The Carychium materials collected in the drift of the two rivers are tabulated as follows: Table 1 Duna-drift Tisza-drift C. minimum C. tridentatum Total 724 spec. 3 spec. 727 spec. 99.59% 0.41% 100% 174 spec. 191 spec. 365 spec. 47.7% 52.3% 100% These data are of course unreal. In evaluation, one must consider the number of collectings, their intensity, and the geographical situation of the given locality.