Szekessy Vilmos (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 56. (Budapest 1964)

Rásky, K.: Studies of Tertiary plant remains from Hungary

rather longlobe, and described it as Quercusgigantea (gigantumby ETTINGSHAUSEN,) in the younger Tertiary layers near Tokaj, Hungary. The leaves of Quercus oligodonta SAP. (1865, p. 1Ï5, Pt. 6, Fig. 10) from the layers of Armissan and Gargas, France, as well as the leaf of Quercus armata SAP. (1865, p. 114, Pt. 6, Fig. 8) described from Armissan, occur also in the IpolyLarnóc flora, and represent but different stages of development of Quercus cruciata A. BR., hence they can be drawn under a single species. This was noted already by MENZEL, who commended the restriction of these leaves in the form group of Quercus cruciata. ETTINGSHAUSEN (1888, p. 291) considered the leaf of Quercus ilicoides HEER to be also identical with that of Quercus cruciata. On the leaves of Quercus buchii HEER, the lobes are rounded, therefore they cannot be relegated to the form group of Quercus cruciata, while Ilex studeri DE LA HARPE (HEER, 1856, p. 72, Taf. 122, Fig. 11) and Ilex horrida SAP. (1865, p. 190, Pt. 11, Fig. 9) can be assigned to this aggregate. The leaf of Quercus sagoriana ETTH. (1872, p. 181, Taf. 4, Fig. 10) is also of the Quercus cruciata type. ENGELHARDT (1911, p. 333, Taf. 38, Fig. 26) mentions the leaf by the name Q]uercus cruciata from Flörsheim. MACGINITIE lists (1953, p. 102, Pt. 43, Figs. 3, 6, 7) these leaf types under the name Quercus orbata MACGINITIE from the fossil flora of Florissant; their resemblance to the Ipolytarnóc and other European remains is very decided. MACGINITIE also assigns the short-lobed and long-lobed leaf types to a single species. On the other hand, Quercus alexejeoii POYARKOVA (1956, p. 102, Pt. 31, Figs. 1—4, and Pt. 32, Figs. 1 —5), from the Oligocène layers of Kasahstan, diffères from the Quercus cruciata type by the elongated base and the degree of lobing. Comparison with recent species: ALEX BRAUN compared the leaves of Quercus cruciata to those of the recent American Quercus falcata MCHX. = Quercus pagodaefolia ASHE, though the lobes are further subdivided on the recent leaves. The tall trees live today in Carolina, Virginia, Florida, along the Gulf of Mexico and the shores of the Mississippi. Together with some other species, SAPORTA and HEER also mention, for comparison, the species Quercus pagodae/olia ASHE. MACGINITIE lists yet a number of recent genera with comparable leaves, among them Osmanthus. The species Osmanthus aquifolium (S. & Z.) BENTH. & HOOK., lives in south and central Japan ; the leaves of this species are highly similar to those of Quercus cruciata, but much smaller. The species Maytenus ilicifolia MART., and Maytenus aquifolium MART., also possess leaves comparable to our taxon. However, MACGINITIE found the greatest resemblance with the recent Quercus undulata TORREY var. pungens ENGELMANN, which occurs within the range of the species from Oklahoma to northern Chihuahua. This is a shrub frequenting dry hills and limestone regions. Quercus pilijjera GASP. (Plate X, Fig. 7) Description : An inflorescence, showing great similarity to that described, that is, published bv CONWENTZ(1886, p. 34, Taf. 3, Fig. 17) and CZECZOTT (1963, Pt. 1, Fig. 1) from the flora of the Baltic Amber. Magnoliaestrobus hungarieus RÁSKY (Plate XII, Figs. 1—2) Remarks: The impression of the fruits is identicai with those a ready published (RÁSKY, 1959, p. 457, Pt. 70, Figs. 7-8), but the present speclimens lack the elongated androphore, well-preserved on the earlier published specimens. The fruit displays well the spirally arranged carpels with the sutures. Leguminoearpos paehyrhizoides sp. n. (Plate VII, Fig. 1) Diagnosis :A slightly curved legume, of a length attaining probably 10 cm; the apex is missing. Its width is 1.2 cm, well delimited, the suture not wide. The seeds are separated by well-marked transversal fossae on the legume. The seeds seem to be orbicular. Eight seeds can be counted in the pod. The legume seems to be coriaceous. A smaller fragment might have been the apex of the legume. Remarks: The legume originates from the surface of the sandstone with „feet imprints"; collected by JABLONSZKY. The small remain was found in the tuff laver. The occurrence of similar pod fragments from the Tertiary is not rare. The legume remains of HEER'S Robinia regéli (1859, p. 99, Taf. 122/Figs. 20-26,