Szekessy Vilmos (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 55. (Budapest 1963)
Topál, Gy.: The bats of a Lower Pleistocene site from Mt. Kövesvárad near Répáshuta, Hungary
the bats of a lower pleistoncexe site from mt. kövesvábad 153 To sum up, we might infer the following conclusions. Not all of the ten bat species found had lived here, in a probably small-sized cave; the remains of some of the taxa had surely derived from owl pellets becoming imbedded into the sediment. On the other hand, the majority of the species could have used the cave as a temporary quarter. The relative frequency of the large Rhinoloplius suggests a climate at least as mild as that reigning today in the Carpathian Basin. At the same time, an E. nilssoni specimen, a taxon of a greater resistance against cold, was also found. Some other mammalian remains fix the age of the fauna as the Middle Bihar horizon of the Lower Pleistocene. In this aggregation of bats, the presence of Myotis baranensis is indubitably the most interesting, with the discovery of its hitherto unknown maxillary teeth and humeri. Some other species, referring to the above primeval period, were M. cf. gundersheimensis , and M. cl', delicatus. Unfortunetaly, their remains are much too fragmentary, and, in want of comparative materials, their exact identification is impossible. Aside ofthe species froui the Lower Pleistocene sites beyond the Carpathian Basin, the small Myotis known from the Villány horizon also remained undemonstrable. On the other hand, the Myotis bechsteini robustus ssp. n. specimens, a taxon somewhat larger than the recent form, constituted the majority of the remains. The large Rhinoloplius from Répáshuta also differs from both the earlier Villány and the recent forms. However, their exact systematical relegation is as yet impracticable. The aminal, belonging to the size-category of M. cf. mystacinus, was as yet unknown from the Lower Pleistocene of the Carpathian Basin. Finally, it is also worthy of note that the remains of the Plecotus found in the material belonged indubitably to the species P. auritus. Given localities of similar richness in species, one shall be able, sooner or later, to infer the age of the sites 011 the basis of the bat-remains alone, even though the life of a given bat species is considerably longer and its transformations smaller in proportions (due to the slower rate of evolution of the species) than, e. g., those of certain rodents. References: 1. HELLER, F.: Eine oberpliocäne Wirbeltierfauna aus Rheinhessen (Neues Jahrb. f. Min., etc., 7 <î, Abt. B, 1936. p. 99- 160). - 2. J ÁNOSSY , D. : Die altpleistozäne Wirbeltierfauna von Kövesvárad bei Répáshuta (Bükk Gebirge) (Ann. Hist.-nat. Mus. Nat. Hung., 54, 1963, 1 'p. 109-141).- 3. K ORMOS , T. : Diagnosen neuer Säugetiere aus der oberpliozänen Fauna des Somlvóberges bei Püspökfürdő (Ann. Hist.-nat. Mus. Nat. Hung., 27, 1930, p. 237-246). — 4. K ORMOS , T. : Beiträge zur Präglazialfauna des Somlvóberges bei Püspökfürdő (Allatt. Közl., 27, 1930, p. 40-62). — 5. K ORMOS , T.: Neue Insektenfresser, Fledermäuse und Nager aus dem Oberpliozän der Villányéi' Gegend (Földt. Közl., 64, 1934, p. 296 — 321). — 6. K ORMOS , T.: Zur Frage der Abstammung und Herkunft der Quartären Säugetierfaunen Europas (Festschr. z. 60. geburtstage v. Prof. Dr. Embrik Strand, 1937, p. 287-328). - 7. KOWALSKI, K. : Insectivores, bats and rodents from the earlv pleistocene bone breccia of Podlesice near Kroczyce (Poland) (Acta Palaeont, Pol., I, Fasc. 4, 1956, p. 331—394). - 8. K BETZOI , M. : Die altpleistozänen Wirbeltier faunén des Villánver Gebirges (Geol. Hung., Ser. Palaeont., 27, 1956, p. 1 -264). - 9. T OPÁL , G.: Description of a New Bat, Rhinolophus macrorhinus sp.n. from the Lower Pleistocene of Hungary (Vertebr. Hung., 5, 1963, p. 219-226.
