Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 52. (Budapest 1960)

Bohus, G. ; Babos, M.: Notes on the occurrence in Hungary of Russula species, with regard to their range in Europe

Russula alutacea Fr. p. p. By a study of the Hungarian material of the Alutaceae group, it may be established that the following species represent the group in this territory : R. olivacea : it fructifies in deciduous forest associations ; usually large ; phenol reaction wine red to dark purple ; spores large, isolately and roughly spinulose ; stem generally flushed more or less to pink, wine red ; cap coarse, mat, lusterless, wine red, purplish, green, olive ; flesh hard, compact. R. intégra : it was found exclusively under pines in Hungary up to now ; large to medium ; phenol reaction chocolate brown, dirty flesh brown ; spores large, isolately and coarsely spinose ; stem white ; cap viscid, shiny, of varying colors ; flesh moderately hard. R. intégra ssp. laeta : it fructifies in deciduous forest associations ; medium to small ; phenol reaction more or less brown ; spores isolately, finely or more coarsely spinulose, some spines may also be connected ; stem white ; cap moist, shiny, of a constant, vivid, warm red color ; flesh moderately hard. R. alutacea : it fructifies primarily in deciduous forest associations ; large to medium ; phenol reaction more or less brownish, chocolate brown or brownish vinous ; spores medium large, generally decidedly reticulate ; stem of Hungarian material mainly white ; cap viscid, more or less shiny ; color very variable ; flesh rarely hard, mostly moderately hard, frequently spongy soft. R. alutacea ssp. curtipes : not yet found. Since the views concerning the highly varying R. alutacea are not uniform, it was necessary to study the problem more thoroughly. It was found that by the removal of the three forms (f. vinosobrunnea Bres., f. pavonia Bres., f. olivacea Konr.) — which are actually R. olivacea —• the species R. alutacea becomes more homogenous. Owing to statements based on diverse meanings (concerning the European occurrences of the species), we fail to have adequate informations. In Hungary, it is one of the most frequent Russula species, and the situation is probably similar to those prevailing in numerous other European countries. According to our present investigations, four forms belong to the Formenkreis of R. alutacea : 1. forma typica : cap wine red, purple, violet brown, flesh brown, more or less brown, brownish ochreous, ochreous, with eventually olive greenish spots or margin, which disappear in exsiccates ; stem white or (rarely) more or less flushed to rosy, wine red, mostly hard ; exiccatum, especially stem, turns to i brownish. 2. f. rubeola : cap more or less rosy or red, yellowish red ; stem white, rarely hard, rather more or less soft ; exsiccatum often hardly brownish. 3. f. chlorina (non. R. olivacea !) : cap more or less green, or green color mixed with wine red (this color fading out wholly in exsiccates) ; stem white, more or less hard or soft ; exsiccatum, especially stem, turning often to brownish or greyish. 4. f. subintegra (non. R. intégra !) : fungus resembles R. intégra, usually large, hard. Stem white, conspicuously white also in exsiccates. Herb. : forma typica : Sopron, 9 Nov. 1948, leg. Kalmár; around Sopron : Hartaiforest, 2 Sept. 1949, leg. Bohus; in fageto, 22 June 1948, around Kőszeg, Mt. Irottkő, leg. Bohus; in fageto, 26 June 1949, Zalaszántó, Com. Zala, Mt. Puposhegy, leg. Bohus; in Querceto petraeae-Carpinetum pannonicum, 28 June 1949, Zalaszántó, Com. Zala, Erdeiforrás, leg. Bohus; in the Mts. Buda : 7 July 1955, Makkos Mária, leg. Korponai; in the