Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 7. (Budapest 1956)
Kovács, L.: Some data concerning the subspecific distribution of Colias chrysotheme Esp. (Lepidoptera)
nature. It will press yearly to the north and appears in areas where its hibernating forms cannot live through the winter. The considerable mobility and enduring flight of chrysotheme may infer the assumption that it also is a vagile species but, according to observations made up to date, this is not the case. Some few collecting localities of this species are known around Budapest where it may be found yearly. Outside of these localities known since long, I have not yet seen chrysotheme though I keep our Colias species under constant observation. With regard to this circumstance, I have asked for the observations of other collectors and the gained informations only strengthened the validity of my own. It is evident that our home chrysotheme, though an agile species, is not vagile and will strictly adhere to its breeding localities. This will explain the fact why the several populations are isolated from each other, even though they could find food and agreeable oecological conditions elsewhere too. The strict adherence to the given point of the species will also clear up the existence of the "chrysotheme-prooi" internal zone between the two groups of the Central Transdanubium and the Western Transdanubium. This isolation plays, if also strengthened by different oecological conditions, an important role in the development of deviating characters. , On the basis of the above discussion, I regard the chrysotheme group near our western borders as a distinct subspecies, and introduce it by the name ssp. praealpina ssp. n. Holotype male: Magyaróvár, 1932, leg. Nat tán; Allotype female : Magyaróvár, 1932, leg. Nattán, both in the Collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum ; paratypes : 1 male, Máriakáinok, 1929. VII. 28. leg. Ruff; 1 male, Magyaróvár, 1933. IV. leg. Nattán; 1 male, Magyaróvár, VIII. 2. coll. Hámori; and four males, Nezsider (Neusiedl am See, Burgenland), leg. Schmidt, 1900. VIII. 7., 1901. VII, 5., 27, and one without date ; further 3 females, Nezsider, leg. Schmidt, 1900. VIII. 7. and IX. 7., and one without date ; finally, 1 female, Nezsider, leg. W a c h s m a n n. All in the Collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. C. chrysotheme in Lower Austria and Moravia. Chrysotheme is rather frequent in Lower Austria, south of Vienna, around Mödling and in the vicinity of some villages near Steinfeld. The Low r er Austrian form is also small, observable especially on specimens of the summer brood. The yellow color is put somewhat into the background on the summertime males. The orange of the females is very faint, it seems to be almost brown if compared with Central Hungarian specimens. The yellow marginal spots of the females are small also on the summer specimens (this was the feature that attracted the attention of Verity), the black margin itself is narrow. We have also a male from Deutschaltenburg and a female from the vicinity of Graz which will probably belong to this group too. — The form living near Nikolsburg, in Southern Moravia, resembles very much the chrysotheme around Vienna. I observed differences only on the summer brood which is larger around Nikolsburg than in Lower Austria, its orange is more vivid, its black margin broader. The marginal spots of the females are small. From the above data, it may be ascertained that there are differences concerning size and color between the chrysotheme populations living near our western borders and further to the west. With regard to size, the Moravian devi-
