Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 7. (Budapest 1956)
Farkas, H. ; Vágvölgyi, J.: On the fauna of the springs of Hungary. I. Mts. Dunazug
On the Fauna of the Springs of Hungary. I. Mts. Dunazug By H. FARKAS and J. VÁGVÖLGYI, Budapest The examination of springs and rapidly moving mountain brooks was thrust into the background in Hungary in the favour of the intensive study of the mostly standing waters of the plains. Accordingly, we know but slightly or not at all the fauna of the springs of our several hilly and mountainous districts. The relatively few and scattered but very valuable data may be found in the papers of the Á b r a h á m — B end e — Ho r v á t h — M e g y e r i co-operative, then in those of Dada y, Dudich, Entz, Gebhardt, Gelei, Hankó, Mó'dlinger, Stiller, Szalay and Varga. The works of the above authors let us believe that our home springs will have a rich and varied fauna. The above facts prompted us to launch a systematical examination of our home springs. In 1955, a small co-operative was founded under the direction of Dr. A. S o ó s with the project to make a regular study of the springs of mainly our mountainous areas (the Central Mountains, Mecsek, Mts. Soproni and Mts. Kőszegi), in the future. The aim of the study is the qualitative examination of the faunas of the springs and their closely adjoining brook-stages, in the course of which we attempt to receive answers to the following questions : 1. Can our home springs be characterized by the qualitative (or possibly quantitative) composition of their faunas? 2. Is there a connection between the type of a spring and the composition of its fauna? If so, then 3. What hydrogeological and physico-chemical factors determine it ; that is, with what biocoenotical bearings is it connected? 4. What agreements or differences are there between the faunal composition of the springs themselves and their immediate outflow? 5. Can differences be shown in the faunas of the springs of our several mountainous districts? The co-operative intended the year 1955 to be an experimental one to realize, on the basis of methodological experiences gained, intensive and planned researches in the Mts. Börzsöny, in 1956. For the experimental area, we have selected the Mts. Dunazug. With the exception of the usually small-numbered unicellular animals, we have collected animals of all other groups, using the most diverse collecting methods. Water samples for chemical analysis were also taken from every spring. The chemical analyses of the water samples have been made by the Hydrochemical Department of the National Institute of Public Sanitation, for whose work we express our profound thanks also in this place. We have been vastly assisted in the field by the fact that the National Geological Institution placed the MS paper of geologist T. J o ó, together with his map made of the springs of this area, at our disposal. We express our gratitude for this help too, to the Directorate of the Geological Instituton. The task of T. J o ó was the mapping of the springs, the surveying of their water output and the determination of the main tectonical courses in this area. T. J o ó characterizes the Mts. Dunazug in the following : It is an area of about 300 square kilometres, of a roughly triangular form, its northern and eastern boundaries being the Danube, whilst its southern and southwestern boundaries are delimited by the break line running through Pomáz—Pilisszentkereszt—Esztergom. North to the break line, we find eruptive, south to the break line, sedimentary, rocks.
