Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 4. (Budapest 1952)

Kovács, L.: The Eupithecia communities and the problems of their evolution in our swamps and reeds (Lepid.)

latter) were taken in the swamp. One specimen of plumbeolata came from a similar biotop, the reedy Salicetum beyond the gardens, the other four from the Tenancy Forest. We have already mentioned the rich humidity of this forest, which deviates thereby essentially from other parts of our lower hills in Middle Hungary. The number of specimens collected at the Kisbalaton is 149, four of which could not be identified. Centaureata reached the greatest numbers (40 specimens^ 26,8%) ; then there were yet present in great numbers hdworthiata (14 specimens, 9,4%),plumbeolata,valerianata,anáabsinthiata(9spQámQns,Q%,each). The numbers of specimens of the other species are between 1 and 7, with a total percentage of 45,8%. Because of the differences in the oecological conditions we have to analyse the collecting places separated from the others. So there is, first of all at the territory of the Kisbalaton, the wet woods of Vörs with the remains of swampy plant associations mentioned above. We have collected here 67 specimens of 15 Eupithecia species. The numbers of specimens of plumbeolata, valerianata, and linariata, were 9 of each species (13,4% each) ; of haworthiata 7 (10,4%). The numbers of all other specimens are between 1 and 5, with a tptal percentage of 49,6%. All plumbeolata and valerianata collected at the Kisbalaton came from the wet part of the woods of Vörs ; linariata was caught in the dry woods, on the Diássziget, and in the reeds, too. The material obtained on the Diássziget is also complete enough to analyse it separately. 36 specimens of 8 species were collected there. There were 20 centaureata and 8 innotata specimens (55,2% and 22,2%), with five other specimens of other species'(total : 22,3%). The first two species occurring in greater numbers on the Diássziget are all well-known, generally spread, oecologically not or only slightly sensitive, species. Any other material, originating from other places, is so slight that it allows no percental deductions. The materials of Ócsa will also be analysed in two parts, owing-to reasons specified above. The result of collectings in the rare, disturbed alder woods, and in their environments, is 11 Eupithecia species in 69 specimens. Of these assimilata-' was present in 26 specimens (37,7%), absinthiata in 18 specimens (26,1%), and centaureata in 9 specimens (12%). The other species have a total value of 24,2%. In the younger, more dense, and richer in hop, undistrubed alder forest, we have caught 421 specimens of 6 species. Of these assimilata reached 319 specimens (74,1%), absinthiata

.84 specimens (20%), and all others had a total value of 5,9% only. One of the species occurring in great numbers has a wide distribution, the other being, as already stated above, characteristic to our humid biotops. According to our data therefore, in two of the above discussed biotops : the reservation swamp of Bátorliget and in the part of the woods of Vörs, where the remains of swampy plant associations are still to be found, the two species occurring in the greatest numbers, plumbeolata and velarianata, are identical. If we take into account the other data, concerning their inland distribution, of these two species, it can be stated that both prefer wet biotops, chiefly the environments of swamps. Plumbeolata reaches its maximum numbers in the swampy regions of Lake Baláta, in the humid places of the Transdanubial hills, and along the western border of Hungary. We have a few data of its occurrrence also of some higher points of the Középhegység, but we do not know of a single specimen originating from the DunaTisza Plains, or the dry eastern parts of the Transdanubium. Valerianata, though' its food plant is rather generally distributed, had been found hitherto, excepting some of our swampy regions, only from the wet valleys of the hilly country south of Kaposvár. The third species, to wit linariata, occurring also in greater numbers in the wet part of the woods of VÖrs, is not oecologically sensitive. Its increase was.