Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 4. (Budapest 1952)

Kovács, L.: The Eupithecia communities and the problems of their evolution in our swamps and reeds (Lepid.)

terials of the Museum, then those of Messrs. Issekutz, Kovács, Nattán, and Szőcs. We have found relatively few data in literature. Of the Eupithecia species, specimens, and above collecting localities, numerous tabular summaries were made. The comprehensive tables contain the material of the collecting areas generally. As we have collected in various, sharply definable, plant associations in Bátorliget and. at the Kisbalaton, that is, in localities of greater distances to each other around the Kisbalaton, we have drawn up detailed tables of these places, too. The data of Bátorliget were broken up into four parts ; each contains, respectively, the data of the Reservation swamp, of a reedy spot with Salix cinerea left in agricultural territory, of the Reservation woods, and the forest held in joint tenancy of the villagers. Two separate tables were drawn of the area of the Kisbalaton, too. The first includes, in five columns, the whole area ; the other enumerates the data, obtained of the collectings carried out in the woods of Vörs, in the order of the collecting places. In this latter table a strong horizontal line separates the collecting places of the woods into.its dry and wet parts. Extreme wetness characterized the area of Bátorliget; dew was copious, almost nightly, even, on the Festuca meadows of the dry Tenure forest. The collecting localities Were near each other, one part of the inundated wood even bordered on the Reservation swamp. The collectings were not carried out with the same intensity everywhere, with their effect evident in the results of the various collecting places. The collectings on the Kisbalaton were performed on a very extensive area, with a rather large distance between the various collecting localities. The whole area can be divided into three separate parts: the state-woods of the village Vörs, the Kisbalaton itself, and the woods around Zalavár. Of these the woods around Vörs are the most diverse. They slope mainly in an East-West direction, with successive terrace droppings in their level. The dry, higher part is generally separeted by the road to Főnyed from the lower and wetter parts. The most watery point of this latter lies near Főnyed, along the Vörs Canal. As some scattered traces witness there must have been here rather extensive marshy plant associations. Reeds, sedge, and grey sallow covered a large area near the Canal even in 1950 yet (collecting locality 9 in the table).The afforestation of the deeper part of the woods began about 90 years ago, and it is not yet finished to-day. The marshy areas of Ócsa deviate more from the above two. The numbers of plant associations are small ; there are scattered alder tree groups on the meadows everywhere : so the effect of the alder is always present in the collectings carried out on the meadows. On the other hand, there are reeds and sedges in many places in the forest, too. It can be stated from the aboyes that, in the relation of our home condition, we met with only few Eupithecia species in the areas under discussion. Even the 17 species collected at the Kisbalaton mean a small proportion of the more than 50 Eupithecia species known in Hungary, and there were still fewer elsewhere. Not only the number of species was small, but that of the specimens, too.The number of specimens was generally 2% of all collected macrolepidoptera, with the exception of the collectings in Ócsa where their proportion was 5%, in 1952. With the exception of Ócsa and the Diássziget the spread of the specimens of the various species was also rather uniform ; we have not found any high numbers of specimens. As far as the conformity regarding the various species in the discussed places is concerned it can be stated that of the 14 collected species in Bátorliget and of the 17 species of the Kisbalaton, 8 species were identical in both places ; then 7 species were identical in 14 of Bátorliget and 12 of Ócsa; and 9 species