Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 2. (Budapest 1952)
Issekutz, L.: Parnassius apollo (L.) in the Carpathians
not snowy white as in Candidus. The females have a light yellow tinge. Apex lengthened. The black blotches are not so intense. The eyespots are deep red with a deep black frame. Submarginal band of forewing long, edges blurred. Male : Hyaline margin of forewing slowly narrowing down from costa, extending to Cu 1. Subinarginal band narrow, edges blurred, also reaching Cu r Lunulata band broad, hyaline margin among the veins deeply sinuate. Subcostal blotches small and separated. Cell spots not strongly accentuated. Dorsal spot circular. Eyespots on hindwing small, white dot weak, black frame thick, edges markedly dentate. Only traces of submarginal band. Two anal spots wel' developed, often converging. Base of forewing and dorsum of hindwing weakly sooty. Female : Hyaline margin of forewing also narrow, extending only to Cuj. Submarginal band broader and longer than by male, edges more blurred, reaching Cu 2. Lunulata band broad, conspicuous. Subcostal blotches, cell âpots and dorsal spot larger, but less developed than those of tue average carpathicus females. Eyespots on hindwing medium, with very heavy black frames and small white dots. Two anal spots converging. Only traces of submarginal band. Central area of forewing and dorsum of hindwing expressively sooty, [but less so than in Candidus. Expanse : male 38—41 mm., female 42 mm. The Máramaros-öpo//o stands nearest to the western interversus regarding shape of wings and spots. There is a difference however in the whiter ground colour, in the pattern of the hyaline margin and the subinarginal band of the forewing, further in the development of the black frames of the eyespots. Last but not least, considering the great distance separating the home of this apollo from the locatities where interversus is flying, it is clear, that we have to do with a new subsp., which I am nominating »ruthenicus « (subsp. nova). The type specimens from Királymező (Com. Máramaros) are in the Collection of our Museum. 8. subsp. transsylvanicus (Schweitzer). Apollo was known in Transsylvania long ago from the Carpathian highlands of Radna and Gyergyó. The respective localities are : the valley Radnaborberek, then the regions of Beszterce, Borszék, Gyergyószentmiklós, Gyergyótölgyess Holló and Putnópatak. Pax states that apollo occurs also in the southern valley, of the Kelemen-Ranges, though seldom and local. This race was described by Schweitzer as subsp. transsylvanicus, the specimens originating from Tölgyes (Entom. Zeitschrift v. 25. p. 249. 1912). Transsylvanicus is a deep-dark, large-winged variation, with pure white or yellowish ground colour, elongated shape of wings, broad black frames around the eyespots and well marked cell spots. Hindwing deep melanistic. The black blotches of the females are so large and the edges are so indefinite that Fruhstorf e r named these intensely melanistic specimens »maurus «, a wholy unwarrented und unnecessary nomination. Transsylvanicus shows the greatest tendency to gynaikotropisin among Carpathian apollos, and stands in close relation to : 9. subsp. rosensius (F r u h s t.). from Bucovina, described by Fruhstorfer in 1923. This latter, however, is even more dark, and has also large black blotches. 10. subsp. járaensis (Kertész). Apollo also inhabits another part ofTranssylvania, i. e. the Mountains of Gyalu (Járavize, Reketó, Magura). From this district Aba Kertész described the subsp. járaensis. 138
