Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 2. (Budapest 1952)
Issekutz, L.: Parnassius apollo (L.) in the Carpathians
yellow colour, without being as white as Candidas. Their females are however strongly sooty, like those of Candidus. Apex longer than of rosnaviensis and carpathicus, conforming with the shape of wing of Candidus. Pax did not find any apollo in the Vysoké Tatry (Magas Tátra), though, — as above mentioned, — they occur in the Virágvölgy. But he came upon them in the Limestone-Mts. of Béla (Barlangliget), and this way some specimens found their way to Verity, who described Candidus after them (Rhophalocera paleartica, Firenze, 1905.). The chief character of this race is the prominent white ground colour, the females look consequently markedly sooty, and appear extremely melanistic. Curiously, this white race cart also be found far away from the Limestone Mts. of Béla, almost wedged into the territory of carpathicus, i. e. in the Limestone Mts. of Lipócz (Singlér). There is a very copious Singlér-material in the collection of our Museum. Kertész established the fact that specimens originating from this place correspond with the Barlangliget specimens, but are generally somewhat bigger. 6. subsp. carpathicus (R e b. & Rog h.). The territory of Candidus is encompassed in a semicircle by the localities where subsp. carpathicus breeds, that is, the valley of Hornad (Hernád) : Kosicke Hamry (Kassahámor), Mala Lodina (Kisladna), Oruzin, the northern spurs of the Eperjes-Tokaji Range (around Presov (Eperjes) : Straz, Podhradik (Sebesváralja), the Mts. Cergov (Csergő), (Ambrusfalva, Felsősöm), till Mt. Mincol. Collected around Presov (Eperjes), the first Carpathian apollos were sent to Austria by Armin H u s z, famous entomologist in Presov (Eperjes). (A bafiAigner Lajos: A lepkészet története Magyarországon, Budapest, 1898. p. 118.) On ground of these specimens Rebel and Roggen hofer described subsp. carpathicus (Jahresbericht des Wiener Entom. Vereins, Wien, 1893. 3., 61 t.). The original description states as locality the Carpathian mountains generally speaking, mentioning that the types were collected in Eperjes. The original description states that carpathicus is a large sized black-spotted subspecies of apollo. Ground colour white, mild yellowish. Hyaline margin intensely developed. Upper tips (apex) rounded. Dorsum of forewing a straight line (?). Aba Kertész completed this description emphasizing the more elaborate exposition of the characteristical apex of the forewing. According to this statement the costa in its transitus into the termen rounds down the apex, the termen runs in a circular bow to M L,next in a curve, rounding the tornus to one/ fourth part of the dorsum. In this way the wing gets a distinctly circular form. This wing shape, the yellowish ground colour, the submarginal band with the blurred edges, the heavy black blotches and the heavy sootiness of the females are the chief characters of the subsp. carpathicus. East of the home country of carpathicus, in the region of the Erdős-Carpathian mountains and the Beskids, apollo was searched after in vain. We do not posses any specimen from this country and therefore we have to maintain the fact, pending contrary demonstration, that apollo does not occur there. 7. subsp. ruthenicus subsp. nova. There are however some specimens in the collection of our Museum collected by Kornél P i s ó, late forester of Bustyaháza, in the Máramaros-Mountains (Királymező, and the environs of Huszt), which do not approximate the average size of carpathicus, being somewhat smaller. Their ground colour is white, but 137
