Horváth Géza (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 8. (Budapest 1910)
Soós, L.: A Helix arbustorum hím csirasejtjének fejlődése
326 D; L. soós I must diseusss shortly in connection with the already mentioned, the question of the nebenkern. This cell-organ was discovered in the male germ-cells of Helix by PLATNER who named it by the term given by B ÜTSCHLI nebenkern. He first believed that it took its origin from the nucleus, but he expressed in his last paper dealing with this question (93) the opinion that it arose from the degenerating spindle fibres, and this opinion was also accepted by BOLLES LEE (9, 11) who stated that the nebenkern was the remnant of the spindle fibres which had melted into a homogeneous mass. The observations of P ROWAZEK (98) have given a similar result. According to MURRAY (85) the nebenkern is identical with the sphere, and is centre is occupied by the centrosome. VON KORFF (85) regards it as identical with the sphere or the idiozome of MEVES. TSCHASSOWNIKOW (120) is of the opinion that it is a cell-organ like the others (nucleus, centrosome), which is inherited from one cell generation to the other. ANCEL'S (2) and POPOFF'S (94) careful researches decided the question. They have found that in young germ-cells of Helix first appear fine granules and delicate threads which are stained black with HEIDENHAIN'S iron-hematoxylin, and form a group in a determined point of the cell. The granules are identical with the «mitochondria granules» of the authors. The number of the threads becomes greater afterwards, and the granules and delicate threads get replaced by thicker ones. They form then a dense group and lie close to the nuclear membrane. These thicker threads are the «chondriomites» of the authors. The mitochondria granules and threads scatter themselves afterwards fairly equably through the cytoplasm, and synchronously thick rods appear among them possessing sharp outlines. These have already been seen by PLATNER, and H EIDENHAIN named them pseudochromosomes. The pseudochromosomes of the spermatids (and also those of the spermatocytes) coalesce at their ends and they enclose a spherical or polygonal space filled with a homogeneous mass (Pl. XI., Fig. 5.) which stains less deeply than the pseudochromosomes. The eliromidia become divided in equal parts to the secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. My own observations agree with those of ANCEL and POPOFF. Their result is that the mitochondria threads arise from the mitochondria granules, and the pseudochromosomes take their origin from the threads, i. e., mitochondria granules, chondriomites (mitochondria threads), pseudochromosomes and nebenkern are not particular, independent parts of the cell, but they are only different stages in the development of the same cell-organ. PLATNER, BOLLES LEE, and P ROWAZEK , as mentioned above, stated
