Czére Andrea szerk.: A Szépművészeti Múzeum közleményei 105. (Budapest, 2006)

MARIANNA DÁGI: Training the Eye: Technical Details as Clues in the Attribution of Ancient Jewellery

3. On both pieces, the edge of the truncated cone on the side towards the hoop is scalloped to the long arch decoration, and straight only at the place just before the join of the sheet's two edges (cf. figs. 1/a., 1/j, and 2/a., 2/j). 4. On both pieces, the head is embossed into a piece of sheet shaped like a circular sector or pie piece. The line where the two edges of this sheet join can be seen on the bull's forehead (cf. figs. 1/d., and 2/d.). 5. All details of the head are identical on both earrings, i.e. the eyelid is indicated by a rib surrounded by a chased arch; a punched straight line indicates the tear duct and the corner of the eye; the eye is surrounded by punched lines which are arranged as eyelashes (cf. figs. 1/a-b., and 2/a-b.); crescent-shaped punch marks indicate the nostrils (cf. figs. 1/d., and 2/d.); on both pieces, the nape is decorated with short arched chased lines arranged in a column and bordered on both sides with long, arched, parallel chased lines (cf. figs. 1/c, and 2/c); the rosette on the animal's brow is composed of a crowded, uncountable mass of lines arranged in around an imaginary centre point (cf. figs. 1/d., and 2/d.); on both pieces, the ears are indicated by a leaf-shaped punch mark with a dot punched into the bottom part of the leaf (cf. figs. 1/e-f., and 2/e-fi). The bull's-head earrings nos. 1 and 2 are a pair on the following grounds: the hoop is made in the same way, the construction of the connecting element and its filigree decoration are identical; the shaping of the head, and the concept and the manufacture of its details are the same. Taken together, the sameness of the details cited below indicate not merely that the two pieces form a pair, also show that both earrings were really made by the same goldsmith: 6. On both pieces, a straight line of circa 5 mm in length is embossed into the sheet from the underside within the long arches that decorate the connecting element (figs. 1/h., 2/h.). 7. The ends of the long, round-tipped wire arches bend slightly inward (figs. 1/h., 2/h.). 8. On both pieces, the scalloped edge of the base-sheet of the connecting element is serrated in places (figs. 1/i., 2/i.), on the side towards the hoop. 9. On both earrings, the catch-ring soldered under the chin of the bull's head was made from sheet gold of the same thickness (0.3 mm), and both have the same shape (figs. 1/g., 2/g.). 10. The identical difference between the left and right ears can be seen on both pieces: on the left ear the mark of the tip of the conical punch beaten into the leaf-shaped punch-mark is not sharp and distinct, while in the right ear it is (figs. 1/e-f., 2/e-f.). The pair of earrings no. 3-4 (figs. 3/a-d., 4/a-d.) differs from the previous one in several major details. On this pair, the ears are shaped sculpturally, the hoop is twisted from wires without a base-tube, the brow is decorated with sickle-shaped lines irregularly punched which start from the top of the head, and the nape is decorated with short straight punched lines arranged in columns (cf. figs. 1/a-d., 2/a-d., and 3/a-d., 4/a-d.).