Csornay Boldizsár - Dobos Zsuzsa - Varga Ágota - Zakariás János szerk.: A Szépművészeti Múzeum közleményei 98. (Budapest, 2003)

GYŐRY, HEDVIG: A Pataikos with Hawks on the Shoulders

LINKS WITH NOFERTUM AND HORUS As the two birds can frequently be found on the shoulders of those Pataikos compositions that include the figures of Nofertum and several surrounding goddesses,

83 it is quite possible that they had been integrated into the composition for reasons that have to do with a special facet of Nofertum or with supplementing his assistance.

84 The Memphite god Nofertum was the lord of the lotus flower and son of the goddess of the fields, born in the East, and as such connected with perfumes and with the young Sun who rose from the Primeval Waters on a lotus flower; from the New Kingdom, however, he was also thought to be the son of Ptah and Sakhmet.

85 As a young solar deity, Nofertum logically became with time connected and identified with Horus, notably Horus-Hekenu (Hr-hknw), also called the "Horus of good scent", who was one of the special aspects of Horus.

86 Although Horus-Hekenu (and thus the syncretic form Nofertum-Horus-Hekenu) was thought to be the son of Rastet,

87 this did not conflict with the Memphite ideas about the mother of Nofertum, but rather strengthened the identification. For the figures of Bastet and Sakhmet were often merged whenever the tame and the wild faces of Hathor were to be stressed.

88 On top of this, Bastet had a well-known cult-place in Memphis, in Ankh-Taui.

89 This connection between Nofertum and Horus is also reflected in other ways. In a Middle Kingdom hymn,

90 Nofertum's mother, the goddess of the Eastern Fields, is identified with Isis, the mother of the Horus child.

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1 And in several spells of the pSmith (recorded during the 18th Dynasty), Horus is called the offspring of Sakhmet, thus of Nofertum's Memphite mother.

92 Seeing such traditions, it should not be surprising that in popular iconography, Nofertum got linked with the bird of Horus. During the New Kingdom, even the hawk is sometimes present above the head of Nofertum.

93 In this light, the two hawks on the Pataikos, if 83 There are only very few exceptions, e.g. Daressy, op.cit.( n. 26). CG 39232. 84 The fact that the hawks are not present in the types in which the Pataikos is represented with only wings or as Sopdu. or that their appcarence is random on the type in which the Pataikos is only supplied with the winged lion-headed goddess at the back, seems to speak for this idea. 85 Cf. RÄRG, article "Nefertem", pp. 508-510. 86 See article "Hor-Hekenu", in the LÄ, III, col. 1. and RÄRG, p. 306. 87 Kees, H., Götterglaube im alten Ägypten, Leipzig 1941 (henceforth abbreviated Götterglaube), p. 83; cp. Urk V, 57-59 ("Nofertum, son of Bastet", in a New Kingdom gloss). 88 For Hathor as Sakhmet and Bastet. see. e.g.. Junker, H., Der Auszug der Hathor-Tefnut, APAW 1911. p. 32 : "She is raged (nin) as Sakhmet, and pacified (/ifp) as Bastet"

. 89 For her cult in the region of Memphis, see: during the Old Kingdom - Borchard, L.. Sahure II. 113. pi. 35/6; during the New Kingdom - Urk. IV. 1443 - nb.t 'nh-ti.wj, who also had a special feast: in later periods, cf. the cat cemetery in Saqqara. 1.0 Kees. H.. Fin alter Götterhymnus als Begleittext zur Opfertafel, ZÄS 57(1922) 92-93. 1.1 Ibid., p. 118. ,;2 Breasted, J.H.. The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus I. OIP 3. Chicago 1930. pp. 475, 477. 480. 486: Hr sp. wkj n Shmt. Incantation no. 1 : XVIII, 9. no. 2: XVIII. 14-15. no. 5: XIX. 9, no. 8: XX. 11. (It is also interesting, that in pSmith XX. 2 the patient says, Ink Hr [with G7, the hawk on standard] -t Shm.t [with G7J. "/ am your Horus, Sakhmet"

. Ibid., p. 484) 93 Mariette, k.,Abydos I, Paris 1880, pi. 38a - in the sanctuary of Nofertum, or on the side of the Saft el-Henna tiaos, in the time of Nectanebo I.