Hedvig Győry: Mélanges offerts a Edith Varga „Le lotus qui sort de terre” (Bulletin du Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts Supplément 1. Budapest, 2001)
KATALIN ANNA KÓTHAY: Houses and households at Kahun: Bureaucratic and Domestic Aspects of Social Organization During the Middle Kingdom
Civile', registering the resident families at Deir el-Medine. 50 They were rather taken form the families and dependents of title-holders in state service. From the point of view of the administration of a settlement, the inhabitants of which were engaged in serving temple cult and their presence at the settlement was closely connected with that specific task, functions had more significance than houses. The partly unpublished temple archive from the same site 51 implies that the title-holders were not only expected to perfonn their assigned duties, mostly part-time service in the temple rota, but were also liable to compulsory work together with their families and dependents. As shown by the wpwt-lisX of Khakaura-sneferu, the officials were given people by reason of their functions. These people, called dt, are mostly women in the lector priest's list. In the temple archive a range of letters attest the existence of women designated by the term iwtyt (stand-in worker), 52 who performed tasks substituting the functionaries to whom they were attached. Slight evidence appear to indicate that these women were engaged in spinning and weaving. 51 I would assume that the female personnel of Khakaura-snefem carried out similar activities, as it is also suggested by Kemp. 54 Another document belonging to the town-papyri contains reference to a wpwt-list, which seems to include male workers (hsbw) in connection with plots in charge of a w r b hii-sl, whose task was of agricultural character. 55 It seems as if dt- and /?s/7w-people collected in the lists earned out work to which their masters were obliged, but they were neither their servants, nor did they belong to their households. That the main purpose of the wpwt-lists does not seem to have enrolled exclusively family and household members but also dependents less closely associated with an official, and that these lists were related to the registration of úfr-people is confirmed by the Admonitions: 56 50 D. Valbelle, Éléments sur la démographie et le paysage urbains d'après les papyrus documentaires d'époque pharaonique, CRI PEL 7 (1985) p. 81-84. sl Borchardt, op. cit. (note 16); Scharff, op. cit. (note 16); Kaplony-Heckel, op. cit. (note 16); Luft, op. cit. (note 16). Photographs of the yet unpublished papyri were made available to me through the kindness of Professor Ulrich Luft. 52 A. Gardiner, A Word for 'representative', 'substitute', or the like, JEA 37 ( 1951 ) p. 111 ; D. Meeks, Anna iexicographique (1977-1979) III, Paris 1980-1982, I, 77.0187 and II, 78.0214; S. Quirke, State and Labour in the Middle Kingdom. A Reconsideration of the Term hurt, RdE 39 (1988) pp. 88-90; K. A. Kóthay, Organization of Work during the Middle Kingdom, PhD Dissertation, Budapest 1999. " Pap. Berlin 10030 A, 3-11: Scharff, op. cit. (note 16), p. 41; Luft, op. cit. (note 16). Pap. Berlin 10019, 1-2: Scharff, op. cit., p. 40; Luft, op. cit; In the second case the job of the women is not specified but they are stated to be sent to the overseer of weavers to perform compulsory work. 54 B. J. Kemp, Temple and town in ancient Egypt, in: P. J. Ucko et al. (eds), Man, Settlement and Urbanisme, London 1 972, p. 662. The importance of spinning and weaving at the site has been observed by others, too, for instance, O'Connor, op. cit. (note 8), II, pp. 394-395. 55 Pap. Kahun XIII. 1: Griffith, op. cit. (note 16). pl. XXI, 3. s " Gardiner, op. cit. (note 37), 6,7; W. Helck, Die ..Admonitions ": Pap. Leiden I 344 recto, Wiesbaden 1995, p. 28.
