Cseri Miklós - Sári Zsolt (szerk.): Vidéki életmódváltozások a 20. században (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 2009)
Sári Zsolt: Típusterves építkezések és az életmód átalakulásának kapcsolata
Zsolt Sári Relationship between standard design constructions and the change of lifestyle I my essay I wish to highlight questions linked to the lifestyle arising in the context of the 20 t h century's standard design constructions in the countryside and questions of changes of features diverging from the vernacular architecture. I present several examples based on local research, archive sources and earlier results of the specialist literature. 'Hie standard design houses are important for both the architectural aspect and the modernisation and the change of lifestyle. These dwelling houses are often forerunners, patterns of modernisation and innovation. State actions and efforts between the two world wars dealt with the deepening social crises too. The ONCSA movement (National Funds for People and Family Protection) has to be considered as the most decisive element of the standard design construction between the two world wars, not only for reasons of quantity, since the building of more than 10 000 dwelling houses is due to the movement but it set a good example in being organised and prepared. As a common feature, the designs of the buildings kept traditional forms and adjusted themselves to existing traditional, local, regional forms. The use of traditional building materials was kept in view, but stone or concrete foundations and tile covered gable roofs were prescribed. The standard designs with a clear ground-plan, with forms stressing functionality and with few ornaments are based on powerful shadow-effects. The state supported standard design construction did not stop after WWII. Several independent communities have been created by using these standard designs at the beginning of the fifties. A typical example of this socialist village construction was Ebes. The installation of electricity was an important step in influencing lifestyle, which took place within a few years. Moving into the village implied the use of electricity. The first and most wide-spread form of modernisation was the extension and reconstruction of existing dwelling houses. Either the ground-plan was extended or the inner division was enlarged while keeping the original outer walls. Doing so, the usable living area was enlarged. While in the fifties this often meant the increasing of the number of rooms, after the seventies bathrooms were added. Another form of renewal and extension was the demolishing of the old house, while the farm-buildings were spared and the new house with two rooms on the street front was added to them. From the 1960s a new type of building appeared and spread fast: the cube-house, which gradually dominated the image of the village street. The cube-house completely neglects the earlier traditional forms and types of architecture. Following 49
