Cseri Miklós: Néprajz és muzeológia, Tanulmányok a népi építészet és a múzeumi etnográfia köréből (Studia Folkloristica et Ethnographica 51. Debrecen ,Szentendre, Debreceni Egyetem Néprajzi Tanszék, 2009)

TELEPÜLÉS - ÉPÍTÉSZET - LAKÁSKULTÚRA - ETHNOGRAPHY AND MUSEOLOGY STUDIES IN FOLK ARCHITECTURE AND MUSEOLOGICAL ETHNOGRAPHY

ruling was passed to ensure and regulate their conservation and protection. In the 1950s, the term describing ancient historical folk samples of architecture was clarified and defined, and a large-scale exploratory work was launched. The office of Országos Műemlékvédelmi "Felügyelőség [National Inspectorate of Listed Historic Buildings] was inaugurated and, one by one, open air museums started to appear as of the 1960s. The national list of monuments and historic buildings was prepared, containing almost as many as one thousand buildings in 1971. However, the Hungarian term tájház continues to remain problematic to this very day, as quite a few local history collections and village museums have also been denoted the same way. This study intends to examine the questions and dilemmas related to the establishment of individual examples of what is called tájházjm Hungarian. A SAMPLE OF TÁJHÁZ AT FÜZÉR Füzér used to be a district seat in the former Abaij County. Geographically, it is situated in the northernmost part of the Hungarian Abaúj-Zemplén area called Hegyköz [verbatim: Mid-Mountain], on the eastern slopes of the mountains called Zempléni-hegység. This study discusses the establishment of the tájház, the history of the settlement, and the peculiarities of the tájház In essence, the Füzér Tájház presents a specific local example but, in a broader sense, it is also a specimen of traditional residential construction and culture of the petty peasantry in the Hegyköz region. The features of ethnic background may only be discerned in but a few components (such as the blue paint on the walls, Greek Orthodox lithurgical icons and other articles) and in the terminological differences in the denomination of certain individual constructional elements (tőcke, kicske, etc.). PACIN - THE CASTLE MUSEUM IN THE BODROGKÖZ REGION The region called Bodrogköz is a geographical unit lying on the two sides of the northeastern stretch of the Czech-Slovak-Hungarian border surrounded by the rivers T/fyaLatorea-Bodrog. It has been populated without interruption since the New Stone Age. Due to its favorable geographical conditions, it was one of the first areas conquered by the Hungarian tribes at the end of the migration period. Up until the regulation of waterways in the past century, its south-western part had been a boggy and swampy area. Its present settlement construction was introduced as early as the 13

t

h - 14'

1' centuries. During the reign of the Árpád dynasty, there were 95 settlements belonging here, while in the late Middle Ages, this number shrunk to 65, and today, it is 56. The population has been Hungarian since the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and, from the 16

1'

1 century onwards, predominantly Reformed Protestant. During the 17

,

h and 18'

1' centuries, Ruthenians of Greek Catholic faith were settled in the area on the landlords' initiative. The centres of its economic and cultural life were the market towns Királyhelmec and Nagykövesd, while the abbey at Lelesz functioned as an authentically religious location. The development of the Bodrogköz region was steady up until the Paris Peace Treaty. The division of the originally Hungarian parts concerned mainly the most densely populated northern part, and resulted in a separation of the better part of the Hungarian population, together with their industrial, commercial, and cultural centers. The economic and cultural development of the setdements that remained within the Hungarian borders got stalled, and the whole region started to decline, with the population decreasing gradually. This study introduces the Casde Museum, with an eye to its history, interior design and furniture, and some of its particular features. 406