Cseri Miklós - Sári Zsolt (szerk.): Szerencsemalac, A mangalica. Skanzen füzetek 2. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 2009)

Archduke Joseph founded a stock farm in 1833 in Kisjeno and settled the breeding stock he bought from duke Milos" famous farm. These hogs had white, curly fur They crossed with the breed they found in Kisjenő. Hungarian landowners purchased pigs for breeding in Kisjeno and as a consequence several famous stock farms developed in Hungary. One of them was the stock farm in the State Studfarm in Mezőhegyes, founded in 1865. Through these centres a relatively homogenous pig population had developed. After a few generations the mangalica got acclimatized perfectly to the conditions in the Great Plain so that it became a real Hungarian species. A sign of its great importance is the foundation of pig fattening farms in Győr and Kőbánya. The average annual production of the farm in Kőbánya was 600 000 hogs between 1870 and 1894. But at this time the economic environment underwent a change. Forests, where pigs fed on mast, were shrinking, the grazing lands were being tilled. The demand for bacon pigs decreased and for meat supplier pigs increased. Species were imported from Western Europe, which required intensive and not extensive farming. But the species was hit the hardest by the swine fever which broke out in 1895 and killed 4,5 million hogs during 20 years. 95 % of the infected animals were mangalica. After this the species was not able to recover and to restore its market position. The size of the mangalica population continued to decrease. The National Association of Mangalica Breeders was founded in 1927, which professionally had been purifying the pedigree stock during several years. But World War li put an end to the association and after the war the meat supplier pigs outnumbered the mangalica to the extent that the species almost disappeared. 9