Páll István: Szabolcs megye népi építkezése a XIX. század közepén (Szentendre: Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 1987)

Helységnévmutató a térképekhez

There are clamps (for storing potato) and cellars also among storing buildings but they were almost all owned by great landowners. Baking houses were registered in the whole territory of the county and they are somewhat concentrated in the central and eastern part of Nyírség. In this area there are several baking houses owned by taxpayers that means this kind of building appeared much earlier than ethnographic literature states referring to neighbouring areas. Baking houses were thought to spread at the turning of this century. Kilns were registered in the eastern, north-western part of the county — they can be connected to some parts of Bereg and Szatmár. Spreading and terminological problems of several smaller buildings (apiaries, wells, toilets, different types of fences and buildings in wineyards) are mentioned in the next part of the essay that have new results in minor fields. Among industrial buildings mills played the most important role in the life of village inhabitants. Horse driven mills were recorded all over the county. It is since boatmills were not possible on Tisza because of big raft traffic. Horse driven mills had the same construction as everywhere in the country. It is important to know where mill stones are from. They must have come from the stone mines of Felvidék and Bereg. There were several oil-presses in our county connected to horse driven mills. Oil was pressed out of rape, sunflower and flax. Distillers took place in smaller buildings in the peasants' yards similar to salpêtre producers they were casually put together. Soda material was collected in alkali soil and soda manufacturers were owned only by big landowners. Knowing the aforesaid we can see that our county is not homogenious in architectural aspect. On the basis of data the building style of the centre part of Nyírség seems to be specially Szabolcs-like. The north-western part is connected to Borsod but at the same time it unites with the cattle breeding territory of Hortobágy and its surroundings. Same refers to the southern part belonging to Sárrét. There are minor differences between the southern part of Nyírség and the centre parts, but still they belong to each other. Northern part of the county is similar to the building style of the northern part of the country. Rétköz shows same characteristics to other moory, wet territories. The north-east part of the county is independent from other parts of Szabolcs county and it belongs to the Tiszahát of Bereg from architectural aspect.