Páll István: Szabolcs megye népi építkezése a XIX. század közepén (Szentendre: Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 1987)

Helységnévmutató a térképekhez

tral and southern part of the county, its rate was in some settlements as much as one third even one half. Shingled roof and tile was of very little importance in rural architecture of the county, these covered the houses of noblemen, well-to-do people, Jewish tenants and parish clerks. Shingles got into the county transported by the Tisza, tiles were baked on the spot. Concerning the ground plan of the buildings longitudinal arrangement of rooms were characteristic but among the houses of well-to-do people and German inhabitants of Pócspetri we can see rooms in a double row as well. Among the noblemen's houses there are L-shaped buildings in some points of the county. Porches were recorded in Szabolcs, but with a few exceptions they were in front of houses of big landowners and community buildings. Building of porches was characteristic mainly in Rétköz and in some villages on its margin in the buildings of noblemen living there but they were recorded in the houses of taxpayers as well in some places. These data show that porches were becoming widespread at the time of the conscription in the mentioned area. Examining fire places of houses our sources confirmed the statement of ethnographic literature, that this is a transition area, open fire place can be found in the houses as well as the oven that was heated from the outside. Open fire places are recorded in all the territory owned by taxpayers that.shows they were widespread. Among the fireplaces in the kitchen the open fire place called „kitchen" was the most common that was placed in the open place under the smoke hood. We have no registration of the oven settled in the kitchen. According to ethnographic literature this was characteristic in the north eastern part of the county, perhaps they developed after the given era. Leading out the smoke was possible through the smoke hood. Houses without chimneys were forbidden by law. There were chimneys built of reed, panel and bricks. Chimneys made of bricks were characteristic to the houses of noblemen and big landowners but a number of them had wooden chimney. Stables were prominent among farm building because wealthy people had lots of animals. Walls of stables were made of similar material as those of living houses, but in some places reed and wattle walls were more characteristic than in case of houses. Mainly in the northern part of the county many stables without attic were recorded in some places there rate is 25%. Heated stables were recorded in the west nortwest and south west of the county where stables were heated against forbidding laws. Stables were in most places separated buildings — but there are villages where they belonged to living houses in more than 50%. There were stables devided into several rooms in this area in the given era and sometimes there were 3—4 rooms in them that placed different animals into different rooms. Examining gardens with stables does not belong to our essay but we can still state that their becoming populous began in the given era, several living houses were recorded in them. Among the buildings of extensive animal breeding open, half covered and covered buildings are mentioned in the essay that are able to breed cattle and sheep. Telling the difference among them is difficult because of the confusion of terminology — sometimes it is impossible to know which term refers to which building