Cseri Miklós, S. Laczkovits Emőke szerk.: A Balaton felvidék népi építészete - A Balatonfüreden 1997. május 21-23-án megrendezett konferencia anyaga (Szentendre: Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum; Veszprém: Laczkó Dezső Múzeum, 1997)

LUKÁCS László: A lakóház külső megjelenése a Káli-medencében

Outside appearances of the dwelling house in the Káli-Basin LÁSZLÓ LUKÁCS Characteristic for the outside appearances of the dwelling house in the Káli-Basin (county of Veszprém) are first of all the proportion and the structuring of the individual architectural components, the arrangement of the openings, the different solutions for the construction of the porch and the rich mortar ornaments on the façades. In this essay I am dealing with the last two subjects. Mortar ornaments appear mostly on the street fronts, on the gable end. Mortar ornaments are to be seen the first time in our region on the gable end of manor houses in the first third of the 19th century. The most remarkable gable façades with mortar ornaments, revealing a trace of Barogue are the street fronts of the Kernács-house in Kővágóörs and the Istvándi-house in Szentbékkálla. The dates of year we can read in the inscriptions disclose that the gable façades with Barogue influence were built without exception in the 19th century. It was the Barogue which proved himself as the strongest amongst the styles of art history in the traditional architecture in the Káli-Basin, exerting an almost indirect and especially strong influence. The ornamental frames of the gable wall and the window frames are made of mortar, the gable wall is adorned with meander strips, shells, rosettes and garlands. This ornamental elements were well known even in earlier style periods but they became really appreciated and frequently applied only during the Baroque age. This is the reason why they are met on the façades of manor houses and of well-to-do farmhouses with fifty years of delay. The gentry in the Káli-Basin ordered for their houses mortar decorations of high aesthetic quality although expensive, from the first third of the 19th century on up to the end of the century. The practical purpose of the porch is to provide a half closed passage-way between kitchen and dwelling room. Since in the Káli-Basin there were buildings, even amongst the houses with open chimney, where the doors of each, kitchen and room opened from the porch, this practical purpose existed not only in case of houses with smoky kitchen but also of houses with open chimney. I systematize in my essay the studied porches in the Káli-Basin and wherever possible, I also examine the chronological order of porches. From the point of view of outside appearances, the most impressive are the arched porches revealing the influence of Barogue. They appear in the first third of the 19th century generally in manor houses, in buildings in clerical property and mostly in buildings with open chimney. The most arched porches are in Balatonhenye and Kővágóörs. Architectural classicism and style of entrances of manor houses exert their most remarkable influence on the protruding porches. We find the most houses with protruding porches in Köveskál, Szentbékkálla and Kővágóörs but some are also in Balatonhenye, Monoszló and Mindszentkálla. Their two pillars, banister and tympanum are mostly built of bricks but stone or brick pillars can join to carved wooden banisters and tympanum. We meet very often a protruding porch made completely of wood. In the second part of the essay, I carry out a comparative study of the porch types in the Káli-Basin with those in Transdanubia.