Cseri Miklós, Füzes Endre (szerk.): Ház és ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum évkönyve 6. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 1990)

ZENTAI TÜNDE: A lakóház tüzelőberendezésének és füstelvezetésének alakulása a Dél-Dunántúlon

Great Plain, replaced the stoves and in many kitchens we would look in vain for the baking oven or would only find a summer oven which is stoked in the kitchen but whose body protrudes out of the house into the neighbour's yard. Nevertheless the house with chimneyless kitchen would stay on large territories. As late as the middle of the last century chimneyless kitchens could be found, in smaller or bigger numbers from the western border of Southern Transdanubia up to the line of the brook Sió. What is more, oral tradition holds that at an unspecified time in a territory including parts of Somogy and Baranya counties, where timber framed houses on groundsills were the rule, such mediaeval types of this kitchen could be found where there was no oven and the fire burnt in the middle of the chimneyless house and black kitchen respectively. In the areas of Vas and Zala counties where timber architecture prevailed, open chimneys gained less ground. On the other hand closed chimneys with internally accessible flue were all the more popular from the turn of the 19th and 2()th centuries. Beginning with the end of the 19th century another wave of changes ensued in the peasant houses. In more developed peasant households a cooking range made of clay blocks appeared first in the room, to become universal in a few decades both in the room and the kitchen. In the more conservative areas, where houses with a chimneyless kitchen survived for a long time, this ensued around the 1930s. In the houses of well to do farmers in Mezőföld, along the river Danube and in the central and eastern parts of Baranya county open chimneys were disappearing from the first decades of the 20th century. Some of them were taken apart to give room for the loft, others were separated by a wall to serve for smoking meat. In the „Great Plain type" kitchens in Mezőföld and along the river Danube, a wide, internally accesibleflue, a so-called „vindofni" was erected in front of the mouth of the ovens heating the room. Then all this disappeared between the two World Wars to be replaced by the narrow „sípkémény" (c. whistle-shaped chimney) built to a change in the use of the home that made the kitchen, already warm and free of smoke, the hub of family life.