Claudius F. Mayer: From Plato to Pope Paul / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 17. (Budapest, 1989)

217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 60 NILSSON, M. P. (1921): The race problem of the Roman Empire. Hereditas, Lund, 2; 380-390. SEECK, O. (1897): Geschichte des Unterganges der antiken Welt. 6v. Berlin. NILSSON, M. P., 1. c., footnote 217. In the instructions to his son, Emperor CONSTANTINE cautioned him to race mixture: "Each animal has it from Nature to look for a mate among the animals. The human race is also divided by the difference of language, religion, and customs into several tribes and castes. A just respect to the purity of origin is assured by the harmony of public and private life, and the mixture with an alien blood is a terrible source of disorder and quarell." Cf. GIBBON, 1. c., footnote 213» cap. ŁIII. (c. 3, 9. 281.) Attila married his daughter. Cf. SCOTT, 1 c. footnote 150.—The White Huns who invaded Afghanistan and Northern India in the 4th century A. D. were supposed to be also polyandrous. Cf. PETROS, 1. c., footnote 58.—Se were the ancient Britons. Cf. CAESAR: De hello Gallico, V: 14: "Uxores haben deniduo denique inter se communes, et maximé fratres cum fratribus et parentes cum liberis." The children born are then reckoned to belong to that member of the partnership who was the first to receive the mother as a bride in the household. Cf. PETROS, Ibid., p. 59. Together with cat, viper, dog, or cock. GRIMM, J. L. K. (1854): Deutsche Mythologie, 2v. All sagas are full of exposure of children. TACITUS, De moribus Germ., xvi; xix; xx. Las S¿ete Partidas was compiled in 1263, promulgated in 1348. In Texas, U. S., it remained in force until 1840. Part II, Title XX, Law I: "The people should endeavor to beget offspring, in order to provide inhabitants for the country.

.." Ibid., Law II: ,,.. .(otherwise the children) will be born invalids, so that they would be better dead than alive." Cf. COOPER, 1. c., footnote 190: Lib. I, Tit. X,§§ I. to VIII.—The 4th chapter of the KORAN permitted polygamy, but forbids men to marry wives of their fathers. Law III, 1-5: "... we now decree that thereafter women shall always marry men who are older than themselves, and a marriage under other circumstances shall not be valid, if either of the parties should object.

.." It discouraged marriage where not love but cupidity was the motive with great age differences of the mates, and when no progeny could be expected. The Taborites (Hussites) persecuted them toward the end of 1421 A. D., and exstirpated them with fire and sword. In the 15th ct. the Russian Code of JAROSLAV punished this practice. It also forbade the ancient Russian practice that a father lived with his son's wife when the younger man was away (' 'svoyechenstvo

,^'). The settlement of Europe was a slow process. Rome bore the brunt of barbarian invasions. Then, successive displacements took place

:—the Huns pressed against the Slavs, these against the Germanic Goths, Ostrogoths and Visigoths. Then came the Arab migrations (stopped in 732 at Poitiers), then the Hungarians, the Tartars, the Turks, etc., for centuries. TAFT 1. c. footnote 70, 165. CHARLEMAGNE transported the Saxons into Flanders and the Flemish into Saxony. Population and depopulation comes in cycles according to the theory of the Arab historian, IBN KHALDUN. Cf. SPENGLER, 1. c. (French predecessors of Mal ĥus. Durham, 1942, 7.). In the Crusade of Richard the Lion-Hearted, 100 000 pilgrims died from "sexual abstinence", and 300 000 others in the siege of Acre. This may mean added starvation, lacerations, use of belts of chasity, etc. See RICHARD: Itinerarium, Bk VI, 35:—reprinted by PEARL, Human Biology, 1931

,3: 577. PERROY E. (1959): The Hundred Years War. Bloomington.—Fighting, plundering, epidemics had greatly reduced both the population and its capacity for production. Before the war, in 1326, France had a population density of 32 000 parishes, 3 300 000 households, to carry a minimum total population of 10-12 million souls. Paris had perhaps 150 000 inhabitants at this time. The first Crusade itself, led by Peter the Hermit and Walter the Penniless, began its campaign against Infields by murdering all the Jews whom they met by the way. They got as far as Hungary, and then they were all killed. Cf. VAN LOON, H. The story of mankind, N. Y., 158; also GIBBON, 1. c. LVIII. GIBBON, 1. c. XLVIII; LVIII. "It has been often supposed, and sometimes affirmed, that a