Claudius F. Mayer: From Plato to Pope Paul / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 17. (Budapest, 1989)
British. In Brazil, the 1934 quota system is similar to the U.S. system, based upon national origin, and is chiefly aimed at preserving the predominance of Latins, the character of "Brasilidade". 52 1 France also had trouble with her immigrants from neighboring countries who came as seasonal workers, but in some villages they outnumbered the natives. 52 2 Their naturalization was objected to by many. 52 3 After World War II, a special French office was set up to control the quality of immigrants. 52 4 Other forced mass migrations occurred after the two world-wars. WILSON's principle of self-determination resulted in mass expulsion of minority populations from East European countries after World War I. The same transfer principle was applied in the next world war and in the postwar period by Germans, Russians, and others 52 5 to deal with their eugenically undesirable elements, 52 6 but even to concentrate and to recruit their own racially pertinent diaspora elements from foreign countries, 52 7 for repatriation. 52 8 The Third Reich was planned on the principle that "common blood belongs in a common Reich". 52 9 This was a type of uniformizing selection which, though of a laudable intention, meant high-grade eugenics for the preferred, genocide for the rejected. 53 0 In a well-planned state, "marriage .. .cannot be an end in itself, but has to serve the one greater aim , the propagation and preservation of the species and the race " (HITLER). 53 1 This principle resulted in the state's rightful interference in almost all phases of marriage and sexual life of private individuals, 53 2 right at the family level. 53 3 Meanwhile, all the ancient, primitive genetic traditional practices, including abortion, contraception, coitus interruptus, voluntary sterilization, infanticide, etc., still remained at the uncontrollable potential reach of individuals. In the past two decades, abortion has been legalized in many countries; 53 4 contraceptive methods were encouraged, and "eugenic sterilization"''' was introduced in Japan. 53 5 Family planning under government auspices has been very extensively practiced in many countries of 'he world since the 1950-ies, 53 6 including China where, contrary to the rigid Marxist-Leninist doctine, the government admitted that overpopulation is not a proMem peculiar only to capitalist societies. 53 7 For the ucopistic dream state of a modern German eugenist (1895), the suggestion was made that euthanasia (" sanfter Tod"), perhaps by a small dose of morphine, should be used to eliminate weak or abnormal infants. 53 8 Euthanasia was also advocated in 1900 as a system of getting rid of the defectives, and vicious criminals in the U.S., as a duty toward the community. 53 9 In 1909, a physician of Rouen tried to justify infanticide with eugenic 54 0 grounds. Similar cases of "state-controlled euthanasia" continued to occur in the Third Reich. 54 1 Mercy killing is still one of the great problems of western society, and rather lately it has been promoted as a means for killing deformed babies and useless old men. 54 2 In several European countries, including France, the prewar decline in birth rate caused much concern, and some of them announced definite population policies. The plans were to increase the birth rate, and to increase the proportion of a better stock. France has a complete body of legislation outlawing birth control, 54 3 and abortion which in some countries is still considered an extenuated from of infanticide or assassination. 54 4 26
